doc.ubuntu-es - Contribuciones del usuario [es]

Introducción a Ubuntu para usuarios Mac OS X

2009-02-11T11:22:29Z

Carsses: /* GarageBand */ add audacity

Si estás cambiando a Ubuntu desde Mac OS X, ¡bienvenido y gracias por instalar Ubuntu. OS X y Ubuntu tienen muchas cosas en común, y ambos están diseñados para "just work" (simplemente funciona). Esto probablemente te haga más fácil la transición.

Este documento intenta proporcionar alguna información, recursos y terminología; y ayudarte a discernir entre las similitudes y diferencias entre OS X y Ubuntu.

== Instalar Software ==

Como OS X, Ubuntu viene con una útil selección de aplicaciones por defecto, como una suite de oficina, navegador web, aplicaciones multimedia y juegos. Ambos utilizan paquetes de software para instalar aplicaciones. Con Ubuntu, sin embargo, normalmente necesitas instalar los paquetes, en oposición a descargar los paquetes y usarlos sin instalarlos. Cuando instalas paquetes en Ubuntu necesitas introducir tu contraseña, como cuando instalar actualizaciones o ciertos programas en OS X.

Muchos de los programas que busques están en los repositorios de paquetes de Ubuntu. Esto significa que no necesitas ir a sitios en línea como [http://www.versiontracker.com/ VersionTracker] o [http://www.macupdate.com/ MacUpdate], a menos que busques algo poco común. Si estás buscando algo poco usual, entonces [http://sourceforge.net/ Sourceforge] es un buen sitio para buscar proyectos de código abierto.

Consulta [[instalar aplicaciones]] para más información de cómo instalar software de los repositorios y de fuentes online.

== Alternativas a la Suite iLife ==

Ubuntu ofrece un gran número de alternativas de código abierto para usuarios que migren de Mac OS X y utilicen la suite de Apple iLife.

=== Alternativa a iTunes ===

[[Rhythmbox]] es un reproductor de música con capacidad de escanear e indexar la librería del usuario al inicio de ejecutar la aplicación. Están soportadas las funciones básicas como la gestión de listas de reproducción, compartir música a través de la red DAAP, y feeds de podcast. Adicionalmente, soporta la sincronización de música con iPod. Para obtener contenidos de música de la web, el store [http://magnatune.com/ Magnatune] y el canal [http://www.jamendo.com/en/ Jamendo] están disponibles a través del menú de plugins (Editar-->Plugins...). Se debe hacer notar que Rhythmbox viene con soporte para códecs propietarios como aac, wma, y mp3. Sin embargo, estos formatos de audio pueden ser habilitados siguiendo las instrucciones de la página en [[formatos restrtictivos]]. Rhythmbox está disponible por defecto en el escritorio de Ubuntu GNOME.

=== Alternativa a iPhoto ===

[http://f-spot.org/Main_Page F-Spot] es una completa aplicación para la gestión de fotografías para el escritorio GNOME. F-Spot un interfaz de usuario simple con capacidad de edición de fotos fácil de usar, como rotar, cambiar tamaño, ajustes de color y corrección de ojos rojos. Tu colección de fotos es escaneada e indexada para una rápida navegación, gestión y etiquetado de fotos. Se pueden crear fácilmente CDs de fotos escogiendo "Exportar a CD" desde el menú principal. Los usuarios con cuentas en Flickr, 23, Picasa, o SmugMug serán felices de encontrar soporte nativo para subir fotos en F-Spot. F-Spot se instala por defecto en escritorio de ubuntu GNOME.

=== iMovie ===

Aunque no hay un editor de video no lineal completo disponible para escritorio GNOME aun, hay bastantes alternativas a iMovie disponibles para Linux en general. Cada una tiene sus pros y sus contras, los cuales son comentados a continuación:

* [http://www.pitivi.org Pitivi] está pensado para llenar ese hueco en el escritorio de Gnome. Sin embargo, Pitivi aun está bajo desarrollo y no está indicado para usuarios regulares. Pitiví está recomendado actualmente únicamente para desarrolladores.

* [http://www.kdenlive.org/ Kdenlive] es un editor de vídeo no lineal para KDE. Actualmente, Kdenlive no está disponible en los repositorios de Ubuntu, así que este debe ser [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Kdenlive/Getting_and_installing#Installing_from_source_code compilado del código fuente]. Compilar código fuente puede ser dificultoso para usuarios nuevos de Ubuntu, así que Kdenlive no está recomendado hasta que esté disponible un paquete instalable en los repositorios de Ubuntu. Kdenlive está pensado para ser un editor de video user-friendly el cual importe y exporte la mayoría de formatos de audio, vídeo e imagen.. Los efectos de audio y video están disponibles, como blur, sepia, volumen, y brillo. Kdenlive importa video desde cámaras DV firewire.

*[http://www.kinodv.org Kino] es un editor de vídeo no lineal. El soporte de formatos de video básicos está disponible para algunos ficheros AVI y ficheros raw DV. Aunque le desarrollo para nuevas características en Kino ha [http://www.kinodv.org/article/view/157/1/7/ cesado], la edición básica de un único track de vídeo puede ser hecha con kino. Se ofrecen algunos efectos de audio y video, así como transiciones de escenas. Soporta subidas a [http://www.blip.tv blip.tv]. Kino está disponible en el repositorio Main de Ubuntu.

* '''Avidemux''' es un programa libre diseñado para la edición y procesado de vídeo multipropósito. Esta disponible en los repositorios de Ubuntu. Entre las características se incluyen cortado WYSIWYG, adición, filtros y recodificación entre varios formatos.
También puede multiplexar y desmultiplexar corrientes de audio dentro y fuera de ficheros de vídeo, en cualquier formato a través de recodificación o usando un modo de copia directa.
Si quieres cortar vídeo, convertir de un formato a otro, incrustar subtítulos permanentemente o quitar las bandas negras de tus vídeos favoritos, Avidemux te ayudará. Es muy intuitivo y en la sección de Filtros encontrarás muchos complementos.

Si alguna vez usaste Virtualdub en Windows o bien MPEGStreamclip en MacOsx, Avidemux te agradará.

Para usuarios avanzados que busquen una aplicación ponderosa de edición de vídeo y que no teman utilizar interfaces que no estén pensadas para usuarios noveles, se recomienda [http://lives.sourceforge.net/ LiVES] y [http://heroinewarrior.com/cinelerra.php3 Cinelerra].

=== iDVD ===

[http://www.rastersoft.com/programas/devede.html DeVeDe] es una herramienta básica de DVD para la creación de DVDs desde clips de vídeo. Los subtítulos, resolución de video y caja de letras son personalizables por el usuario para crear un disco de vídeo DVD que funcione en reproductores de DVD PAL y NTSC. DeVeDe está disponible en los repositorios Universe de Ubuntu. Consulta [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDAuthoring DVDAuthoring] para detalles en otras soluciones de creación de DVDs.

=== GarageBand ===

[http://jokosher.org/ Jokosher] es un sencillo grabador y editor de audio multi-track. Aunque bajo un duro desarrollo, Jokosher ya ofrece un interfaz amigable con opciones de edición de audio esenciales como mover, copiar, pegar clips, etc. Los formatos que pueden ser importados en Jokosher son Ogg Vorbis, MP3, FLAC, y WAV, con los [https://help.ubuntu.com/6.10/ubuntu/desktopguide/C/codecs.html multimedia codecs] instalados. Se pueden añadir perfiles de instrumentos al proyecto de audio, cada uno con una selección de efectos si LADSPA está instalado. Jokosher está disponible en el repositorio Universe de Ubuntu para Ubuntu 7.04.

Otra alternativa libre es Audacity

=== iWeb ===

== Formato de Archivos ==
En OS X, los principales tipos de archivos comprimidos para ficheros y directorios son .dmg (Disk Image) y .sit/.sitx (Stuffit). Ubuntu no puede leer nativamente archivos .dmg, pero la utilidad libre [http://vu1tur.eu.org/tools/ dmg2iso] puede convertir archivos .dmg a .iso. Ubuntu puede leer .sit, .sitx, .zip, .tar, .gz, .tar.gz, .bzip y un gran número de otros formatos de archivo.

== Software Esencial==

* La lista de '''Ubuntu esenciales''' de Mark Pilgrim para aquellos que vienen de Mac OS X. Incluye equivalents de programas populares de Mac y la opinion de Mark de las diferentes aplicaciones de Linux. [http://diveintomark.org/archives/2006/06/26/essentials-2006 Essentials, 2006 Edition]

== Importar música capada con DRM ==

Se pueden utilizar algunas utilidades privativas, que no mencionamos para no hacer publicidad gratuita, para restaurar derechos en música capada con DRM. De todas formas, Apple y otros comerciantes de música están quitando las restricciones de sus tiendas virtuales paulatinamente, ya que estas canciones pueden conseguirse de muchas otras formas, y varias empresas ajenas a Apple están haciendo negocio gracias a sus protecciones vendiendo software que lo elimina. En nuestro país, si te apetece escuchar música en cualquier parte, simplemente, tienes el derecho de compartirla con utilidades como el aMule.

Fuente: http://ocio.barrapunto.com/article.pl?sid=07/04/02/1422210

Fuente: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwitchingToUbuntu/FromMacOSX

----


[[Categoría:Migración desde otros S.O.]][[Categoría:Completar]]

Hardware compatible

2009-02-11T11:03:42Z

Carsses: Añadir Tarjeta en el enlace a wikipedia

En esta sección encontrarás el hardware compatible con Ubuntu y, si es necesario, una sencilla guía para instalarlo. La base de datos se divide en tipos de componentes, fabricantes, modelos y/o versiones y por último el manual de instalación del control para cada versión de Ubuntu.

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discos_Duros| '''Discos duros''']
* internos
* externos (usb)

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjeta_gr%C3%A1fica| '''Tarjetas gráficas''']
* Ati
* [[Nvidia:Soporte|Nvidia]]
* Intel
* Sis

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjeta_Capturadora_de_Video '''Tarjetas capturadoras de Video''']
* internas
* externas

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capturadora_de_televisi%C3%B3n '''Tarjetas de TV''']
* internas
* externas

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjeta_de_sonido '''Tarjetas de sonido''']
* internas
* externas

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placa_base '''Placas base''']
* Intel
* Amd

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_web '''Cámaras web/WebCams''']
* internas
* externas

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_digital '''Cámaras fotográficas digitales''']
* USB

'''[[Hardware compatible/Impresoras|Impresoras]]'''
* USB

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esc%C3%A1ner_de_ordenador '''Escáneres''']
* USB
* Puerto paralelo

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teclado_de_computadora '''Teclados''']
* PS/2
* USB

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse '''Ratones''']
* PS/2
* USB

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dem '''Modems''']
* internos
* externos (usb)

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjeta_de_red '''Tarjetas de red inalámbricas/Wireless/Wi-Fi''']
* internas
== ver también ==
* [[Hardware]]


[[Categoría:Hardware compatible con Ubuntu]]

Hardware compatible

2009-02-11T10:49:57Z

Carsses: Insertar bloque de discpositivos "capturadoras de video"

En esta sección encontrarás el hardware compatible con Ubuntu y, si es necesario, una sencilla guía para instalarlo. La base de datos se divide en tipos de componentes, fabricantes, modelos y/o versiones y por último el manual de instalación del control para cada versión de Ubuntu.

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discos_Duros| '''Discos duros''']
* internos
* externos (usb)

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjeta_gr%C3%A1fica| '''Tarjetas gráficas''']
* Ati
* [[Nvidia:Soporte|Nvidia]]
* Intel
* Sis

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capturadora_de_Video '''Tarjetas capturadoras de Video''']
* internas
* externas

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capturadora_de_televisi%C3%B3n '''Tarjetas de TV''']
* internas
* externas

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjeta_de_sonido '''Tarjetas de sonido''']
* internas
* externas

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placa_base '''Placas base''']
* Intel
* Amd

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_web '''Cámaras web/WebCams''']
* internas
* externas

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_digital '''Cámaras fotográficas digitales''']
* USB

'''[[Hardware compatible/Impresoras|Impresoras]]'''
* USB

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esc%C3%A1ner_de_ordenador '''Escáneres''']
* USB
* Puerto paralelo

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teclado_de_computadora '''Teclados''']
* PS/2
* USB

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse '''Ratones''']
* PS/2
* USB

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dem '''Modems''']
* internos
* externos (usb)

[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjeta_de_red '''Tarjetas de red inalámbricas/Wireless/Wi-Fi''']
* internas
== ver también ==
* [[Hardware]]


[[Categoría:Hardware compatible con Ubuntu]]

Macbook

2008-05-24T19:36:20Z

Carsses: /* Instrucciones básicas */

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

----

= Como instalar Ubuntu en un Macbook =

Esta guía le ayudará con los pasos necesarios para la instalación de Ubuntu en un MacBook. Esta guía ha sido realizada para Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), pero está siendo adaptada para Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy heron).

Si tienes un MacBook Pro te recomendamos que veas esta otra guía: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookPro, tenga en cuenta que es casi todo igual , aunque esta página es tambien relevante.

Si tienes el nuevo Macbook (Santa Rosa v3.1) veer esta guía: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook_Santa_Rosa

Para la discusión adicional de este asunto, vea: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=1699961

Para una guía de tripe arranque vea: http://wiki.onmac.net/index.php/Triple_Boot_via_BootCamp_Ubuntu

'''Las instrucciones abajo se refieren a la aplicación BootCamp de Apple que está disponible de forma pública excepto si usas Leopard Mac OS X 10.5. Otra opción, sin embargo, es redimensionar la partición Mac OS X utilizando las utilidades de disco o reinstalar Mac Os X haciendo más pequeña la partición de Mac OS X, dejando el espacion libre necesario para Ubuntu'''

== Instrucciones básicas ==
1. Actualizar el software de tu sistema Mac Os X [http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/ firmware] a la versión más reciente. Tambien puede hacerlo de la manera estandard pulsando en la manzana y luego "Actualización de software" (Accesible desde el escritorio de su sistema Mac OS X) 
2. Baja tu Ubuntu [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download Live CD]. Para los primeros Macbooks tu debes seleccionar `i386`; Para los Macbooks Core 2 Duo (posterioes a 2006) puedes seleccionar `amd64` si tu estás interesado en arrancar a 64-bit OS,si no seleccionar ` i386`. 
3. Instalar [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt] si tu quieres un menu de arranque (para poder seleccionar OS X/Ubuntu) seleccionar el arranque. Puedes hacer que el arranque a Ubuntu sea por defecto y cargar la cuenta atras editando el fichero "refit.conf" (Según está descrito en el anterior web site [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt]). 
4. Si es necesario, use Boot Camp para redimensionar la partición OSX para dejar espacio para tu Ubuntu. Don't waste a CD creating a Windows driver disk. Reboot. 
5. Pulsa la tecla "C" para iniciar desde el CD. 
6. Instalar Ubuntu de la forma usual, excepto:
* En la particion, selecciona ''Editar manualmente la tabla de particiones''
* Borra /dev/sda3 y /dev/sda4 si existe
* Crea una nueva partición ext3 para tu usuario root
* Monte la reción creada partición ext3 en '/'
* Tenga en cuenta que con Boot Camp puede darle problemas si hace más de dos particiones. 
7. Finaliza la instalación y reinicia. 
8. Si has instalado rEFIT, deberíaa tener la posibilidad de elegir entre el arranque OS X y Ubuntu. Utilice las teclas de flecha y ENTER para seleccionar Ubuntu. 
9. Aleternativamente, si no has instalado rEFIT, mantenga pulsada Alt/Opción para decidir si desea arrancar en OSX / Ubuntu. El menú de arranque del Bootcamp instalado reconocerá la instalación de Ubuntu como si fuera de Window$ pero en realidad arrancará Ubuntu sin problemas.
10. Entre en su sistema.
11. Siga las instrucciones que aparecen a continuación para configurar los distintos componentes de hardware que no funciona de forma estandard en Gutsy.

== Sound ==

Sound on MacBooks is provided by an Intel HDA-based integrated chipset, and should work out-of-the-box. However, in Ubuntu 8.04 alsa drivers 1.0.15 will not work with some chipsets, like SigmaTel STAC9221. In such cases everything seems to work fine but no sound is present (even unmuting all controls). Alsa drivers 1.0.16 should work fine, to install them:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) module-assistant alsa-source
sudo dpkg-reconfigure alsa-source
sudo module-assistant a-i alsa-source
}}}

This may disable Madwifi drivers for the wireless card, hence you want to compile alsa first.

The volume control will not work correctly out-of-the-box - in particular, reducing the default volume will result in sound distortion at lower volume levels, and volume control changes won't effect the headphone volume level.

To fix this, do the following

1. Add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base:
{{{
install snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-hda-intel $CMDLINE_OPTS && /lib/alsa/modprobe-post-install snd-hda-intel
}}}

2. Increase the volume (both using the key combination and the system tray applet) to its maximum possible value.

3. Right-click on the volume applet and choose Preferences. Select "PCM" as the device to control.

4. Open the Sound preferences (System-Preferences-Sound in GNOME). Select "PCM" as the device to control.

The above setting changes (step 3 and 4) can be done via the command line using these two gconftool-2 commands:
{{{
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/sound/default_mixer_tracks [PCM]
gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/panel/applets/mixer_screen0/prefs/active-track PCM
}}}

Step 1. may be necessary in Hardy even if you don't appreciate this issue.

== Microphone ==

The built-in iSight microphone (above the LCD screen) will not record out of the box, but is really easy to get working. The steps that I took to get the microphone working were:

1. right-click on the volume applet and select "Open Volume Control".

2. within the volume control application select "Edit > Preferences".

3. select "Mux" and "Input Source" at the bottom of the list, and close.

4. select the "Recording" tab and set "Mux" at about 1/3 full volume (higher results in static).

5. make sure mic is unmuted!

6. select the "Options" tab and select "Mic" as the input source.

note: the only options I have checked in "Edit > Preferences" (step 2 above) are: PCM, Input source, and Mux.

The above settings, minus the 1/3 volume level setting, can be toggled using the below commands:

{{{
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerMux --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerPCM --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerInputSource --type bool 1
}}}

== Wireless ==

If you have a first generation MacBook (Core Duo) then your wireless should just start working, though you may want to update to the latest version as illustrated below for better power efficiency and signal strength. Second generation Mac``Books (Core 2 Duo) have a newer version of the Atheros Wifi chipset which requires the installation of the latest Atheros Mad``Wifi drivers. [https://bugs.launchpad.net/madwifi/+bug/122703 bug #122703]

Please note that the current Mad``Wifi drivers depend on a proprietary binary, the Atheros HAL, and therefore are not open-source software. A free software implementation, [http://madwifi.org/wiki/About/OpenHAL OpenHAL], is currently being developed by the Madwifi devs, but unfortunately it does not support the Atheros chipset in the MacBooks yet.

The following commands compile and install the prerelease Mad``Wifi driver, insert it into the kernel, and disable background scanning for better stability. For installation, you can choose to use daily snapshots or Subversion.

Using daily snapshots:
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake
wget http://snapshots.madwifi.org/madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
tar -zxvf madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
cd madwifi-trunk-r*
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

Alternatively, using Subversion (be patient with the checkout, it may take a while):
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake
svn co http://svn.madwifi.org/madwifi/trunk madwifi
cd madwifi
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

At this point the driver should be installed and will be enabled after a reboot. Alternatively, you can skip the reboot and use the following commands to insert the driver into the running kernel:
{{{
sudo modprobe ath_pci
sudo iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0
}}}

Additionally, the Mad``Wifi drivers are sometimes unstable under certain circumstances when using the standard NetworkManager tool for managing networks. Because of these reasons, you may want to disable the drivers if you aren't using wireless. To do this, edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file and add "blacklist ath_pci" at the bottom. Additionally, you can deselect the Atheros HAL in the Restricted Manager (System-Administration-Restricted Drivers Manager).

To disallow replacement of just installed modules by installing linux-restricted-modules package update you can edit /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common and insert ath_hal into DISABLED_MODULES list:
{{{
sudo sed -i~ -e 's/^$DISABLED_MODULES="$$.*"$/\1ath_hal \2/' -e 's/ "$/"/' /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common
}}}

More information can be obtained at
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo

If you need to connect to a channel that's not allowed in the regulatory domain in which you bought your laptop, you'll need to follow these instructions: http://tumbleweed.org.za/2008/02/11/madwifi-regdomain-issues

=== Ndiswrapper ===
If you instead want to use ndiswrapper to use the Windows wireless drivers on Ubuntu (only for 32-bit) these are the instructions:

You have to have the XP drivers on your hard disk. If you don't have a Windows XP installation on an alternate partition, you can get the drivers from the Boot Camp driver disk. The drivers from the Boot Camp disk can be uncompressed using the non-free unrar in the multiverse repository:
* Enable multiverse ( see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu )
* Install the packages {{{rar unrar}}} (actually only unrar is truly necessary)
* Uncompress the Windows XP Atheros driver installer:

{{{
mkdir ~/atheros
unrar x atherosxpinstaller.exe ~/atheros/
}}}

* Install the atheros drivers using ndiswrapper:
{{{
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8

#install the driver into ndiswrapper:
sudo ndiswrapper -i "~/atheros/net5416.inf"
#--or--
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
sudo ndiswrapper -i "/mnt/Program Files/Macintosh Drivers for Windows XP 1.1.2/net5416/net5416.inf"

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo echo >> /etc/modules "ndiswrapper"
sudo umount /mnt
}}}

Reference: http://paulglover.net/20061210/triple-booting-macbook-os-x-ubuntu-edgy-windows-xp/

=== Wicd ===

In order to fix the wireless for the most recent Linux kernels, you may want to install wicd (http://wicd.net) instead of using network-manager. Follow the instructions for installation on Ubuntu on their website, then use these preferences:

WPA Supplicant Driver: wext
Wireless Interface: ath0
Wired Interface: eth0

All of the rest should not matter, except for your specific network settings, you should just leave them alone.

== Brightness ==

Brightness controls should work out-of-the box using HAL and GNOME Power Manager in Ubuntu 7.10. However, there are a few issues with automatic dimming. In particular, the automatic dimming feature actually *brightens* the MacBook screen when on AC, and on battery it brightens the screen if the screen brightness has been adjusted to a value below the standard level for battery power. This is documented in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/137598 #137598] and [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/63543 #63543].

Due to these issues, you may want to disable auto-dimming. This can be done by opening the Gconf Editor (gconf-editor in a Terminal will open it), and unchecking the key "enable" in "apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight". If at a later time you want to re-enable this feature (i.e. if the bug is fixed in a future update) simply return to this key and check it instead of unchecking it.

** Easy fix for Macbook Pro Gutsy

I simply went into System > Preferences > Power Management
1) I unchecked "Dim Display when idle"
2) In the "On Battery Power" tab, uncheck "Dim Display when idle"
3) in the "General" tab, uncheck "use ambient light to adjust LCD brightness" <<-- This seems to be the main problem, but I kept the other two unchecked just to be sure ;-)

== Suspend ==

Suspend is broken in Ubuntu 7.10 on many first-generation MacBooks as well as some later-generation MacBooks and MacBook Pros [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/151016 #151016]. In particular, these machines will go into suspend, but will not come out of suspend. This is because the 32bit kernel supplied with 7.10 has some issues which prevent this from working (the x86_64 kernel works correctly out of the box). To fix this you will have to download an older version of the Linux kernel that is known to work. The latest known version to work is 2.6.22-12, which you can download by installing the packages at the locations pointed to below. Be sure to install them in the order as they appear here.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-image-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.32
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22.4-12.3

After installing, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default=0 line to default=2 (if the newly-installed kernel is the third listed in the menu.lst file, which it should be when installed on a stock Gutsy install).

Restart your MacBook for the update to take effect. You will have to reinstall any wireless drivers you may have installed in the past.

Alternatively, users who prefer a newer kernel to an older one can install the 2.6.24 kernel packages from the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 release by adding the hardy repositories to their software sources:
{{{
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
}}}
Note: These should not replace the existing gutsy sources, but should be in addition to them. See the Repositories Howto for more information.

Once the new repositories have been added, and the package list reloaded, installing the new linux-generic should get all the necessary kernel packages from hardy, including linux-image, linux-ubuntu-modules, and linux-restricted-modules. Once the new packages are installed, disable (but don't remove) the hardy repositories, so that upgrades using apt or synaptic don't result in a complete upgrade to hardy. The user can periodically re-enable these repositories in order to check for updated kernel packages.

Rebooting into the new kernel ''should'' result in a perfectly suspending MacBook.

On my Macbook (2007), I need to edit /etc/default/acpi-support in the following way:

- change POST_VIDEO=true into POST_VIDEO=false

- Add sky2 in the modules to be removed before suspend and reloaded after: MODULES="sky2"

Note: on my MacBook (2nd gen: Nov 2006), using the hardy kernel as explained above, no change to /etc/default/acpi-support was required.

== Whining noise ==

In order to fix the whining noise that some MacBooks make, you need to install the iSight firmware. To install the iSight firmware, follow the steps listed below under "iSight". After installing the firmware and restarting, your MacBook should be whine-free.

Note: The above does not always work. In that case, add the following to /etc/init.d/acpid before exit 0.
{{{
echo 2 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/max_cstate
}}}

== Fonts & Desktop Effects ==

When using desktop effects (which are enabled by default on most MacBooks), the fonts used for menu bar titles will sometimes be larger than normal. This issue is described in detail in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/141001 #141001].

To fix this, in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf change:

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0
}}}

to

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0 -dpi 96
}}}

Restart X for this to take effect.

== iSight ==

The iSight is currently broken in Ubuntu Hardy, please see
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24/+bug/185634

iSight works on Gutsy as long as you either 1) boot OS X before booting Gutsy or 2) install the iSight firmware in Gutsy.
To install the iSight firmware, perform the following steps, substituting your Mac OS X partition for sda2 and your kernel for 2.6.22-14-generic. Please note that you need a Mac OS X partition to extract the firmware.

{{{
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdax /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/* /lib/firmware/2.6.22-14-generic/
}}}

Also, in /etc/default/acpi-support, edit the line that begins with MODULES such that it reads:

{{{
MODULES="isight_usb"
}}}

Restart for this to take effect. Once the firmware is functional, the iSight may be used with the "ekiga" program.

To install prerequisites and launch Ekiga (Ekiga may also be launched through the menus), do the following:

{{{
sudo apt-get install ekiga libpt-plugins-v4l2
ekiga
}}}

1. Configuration. You may have to select the iSight device. Edit > Preferences > Devices > Video Devices >
1. Video plugin: V4L2
1. Input device: Built-in iSight

If you want to use it in 640x480 mode, then:

{{{
gconftool-2 --type integer --set /apps/ekiga/devices/video/size 1
}}}

== Minimum Fan Speed ==

To set a minimum fan speed which may help your MacBook run cooler. Substitute your speed of choice (in RPM) for 3000 if you wish.

First you need to load the appropriate module:
{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}
then add the following line to /etc/init.d/acpid just before the exit statement:
{{{
echo 3000 > /sys/devices/platform/applesmc.768/fan1_min
}}}

== Reducing Power Consumption ==

PowerTOP is a program that monitors a Linux system and gives suggestions on reducing power consumption. To install PowerTOP, enter this command in a terminal:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
wget -c http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/download/powertop-1.9.tar.gz
tar -xvf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
cd powertop-1.9
sudo make
sudo make install
}}}

You can also use “checkinstall” instead of “make install” to create a simple .deb for easier removal.

PowerTOP must always be run as root, so use the following command to run it:

{{{
sudo powertop
}}}

== Reducing Drive Load/Unload Cycles ==

My Second Generation (C2D) MacBook is susceptible to a high load/unload cycle count on the hard drive. This is a workaround to lower the drive cycles and extend the drive life. Generate the following three files using the commands below:

{{{
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

Add execute permissions to the files:

{{{
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

To have these changes take effect immediately (without requiring a reboot):

{{{
sudo hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
}}}

See [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/acpi-support/+bug/59695 this bug] for more details.

note: this is Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy" on the Second Generation (C2D) MacBook. I have not tested on previous releases or other models.

== Right/Middle Clicking ==

There are two main approaches to right/middle clicking:
* Two/three finger taps via the synaptics touchpad driver by editing xorg.conf
* Remapping the functions of keys on the keyboard by editing system keyboard layouts or using xmodmap and a local configuration file

=== Multi-finger taps ===
See [#touchpadtweaks More touchpad tweaks].

=== Keyboard keys ===
Enable mouse emulation:
* On Ubuntu: Go to '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard ▸ Accessibility''' in the Main menu. Check '''Enable keyboard accessibility features'''. Click the ''Mouse Keys'' tab and check '''Enable Mouse Keys''' also.
* On Kubuntu: bring up ''System Settings'', find ''Keyboard & Mouse'', choose ''Mouse'' on the left, than the ''Mouse Navigation'' tab, and check the checkbox beside ''Move pointer with keyboard (using the num pad)''. Please note that on Kubuntu you will lose your numpad.
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Mouse Settings''' and on the '''Accessibility''' tab, enable the '''Enable mouse emulation''' check box.
Then '''either''' edit the system files '''or''' use a local configuration file and xmodmap:
* Editing system files (choose '''one''' of the following options):
* '''option 1:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Shift + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* '''option 2:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Alt Gr key + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* Using xmodmap and a local configuration file to override the system-wide layouts:
* The keycodes for relevant keys are:
* right Apple - keycode 116
* lower enter - keycode 108
* The keysyms for relevant input events are:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* Middle-click - Pointer_Button2
* Right-click - Pointer_Button3
* Create a text file as ~/.xmodmap containing the following text:
('''Note''': for my set up I use left Apple as Alt Gr, right Apple as middle-click and lower enter as right-click. If you want to use right Apple as Alt Gr then you may need to rethink your keys for clicks assignments.)
{{{
keycode 116 = Pointer_Button2
keycode 108 = Pointer_Button3
}}}
* Add a call to xmodmap to your startup applications:
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Autostarted Applications''', click the '''Add''' button, fill in the '''Name''' and '''Description''' fields and put the following into the '''Command''' field:
{{{
xmodmap ~/.xmodmap
}}}
Then click '''OK''' and '''Close'''.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

== Motion Sensor ==

The motion sensor doesn't support disk parking yet ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/139881 bug #139881]), but you can play physical neverball :-)

{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}

Then fire up neverball... (or any other game that uses a joystick)

== Keyboard layouts ==

(Xubuntu 7.10 UK MacBook) There are some MacBook / MacBook Pro keyboard models defined in xkb, however, I have found that the Apple Laptop model with layout as ''gb'' (for my UK MacBook) and variant as ''mac'' with the xmodmap configuration as below. Maybe this approach will work well for others.

To make the keyboard usable, for an international keyboard layout:
## TODO cjwatson 2007-03-27: is this still required in Ubuntu 7.04? Changes like this won't be preserved on upgrade any more, so aren't recommended.

* The GUI way:
Bring up the ''Keyboard Preferences'' window with '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard''' from the Main menu. Click on the '''Keyboard Layout Options''' tab, and find '''Third level choosers'''. Mark the ''right Win key'' as third level chooser. Now your right Apple key works as Alt Gr.
* The console way, editing system files:
* Alt Gr for right Apple key
{{{
sudo sed -i~ '/xkb_symbols "ralt_switch" {/a\ include "level3(rwin_switch)"' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/level3
}}}
* Fix swapped keys
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/ <LSGT> = 94;/ <LSGT> = 49;\n <TLDE> = 94;/' /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/xfree86
}}}
* The console way, using xmodmap and a local configuration file:
* keycodes for relevant keys:
* left Apple - keycode 115
* right Apple - keycode 116
* § or ± (UK MacBook key beneath escape) - keycode 49
* ` or ~ (UK MacBook key left of z) - keycode 94
* keysyms for relevant characters/functions:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* § or ± - section plusminus
* ` or ~ - grave tilde
* To fix the swapped keys and make left Apple equivalent to Alt Gr, edit a text file at ~/.xmodmap (create it if it doesn't exist) adding the following lines:
{{{
keycode 115 = ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 49 = section plusminus
keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
}}}
Then add {{{xmodmap ~/.xmodmap}}} to your start up.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

To swap the fn key behaviour:
{{{
#Add one of these commands to /etc/rc.local
echo -n 0x01 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN on (like OSX)
echo -n 0x02 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN off (press fn for volume/brightness/etc)
}}}

== Screen Colors (optional) ==
To calibrate the screen colors (in order to match OS X), you need to install ''xcalib''. This isn't available in the Ubuntu repositories, so you'll have to download it.

Go to http://www.etg.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/web/doe/xcalib/ and (if you are running `i386`) download the newest Linux binary; save it to the Desktop. (If you are running `amd64`, you'll need to compile it from source; make sure to install `libxxf86vm-dev` and `libxext-dev` first, and then simply `make xcalib` in the extracted source directory. Take the resulting `xcalib` binary and continue with these instructions.)

To install and configure it, you will need to do a few things in the terminal and mount a Mac OS X partition (to copy your color profile) as follows (substitute your Mac OS partition's partition number for 2 in /dev/sda2, 2 being the first standard partition):
{{{
sudo mv ~/Desktop/xcalib /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/* /usr/local/etc
}}}
Then, do an "ls /usr/local/etc" and note the name of the profile (for the next step).

Finally, add the following line to the end of either `/etc/gdm/Init/Default` (for standard Ubuntu/Gnome) or `/etc/kde3/kdm/Xsetup` (for Kubuntu/KDE), before the final "exit" statement:
{{{
/usr/local/bin/xcalib "/usr/local/etc/<insert name of profile here>"
}}}

Restart X (Ctrl-Alt-Backspace) and your Mac OS X color profile will load as X starts.

== Fonts like Mac OS X (optional) ==

By default, Ubuntu uses a style of font rendering different than that used on Mac OS X. You may prefer fonts similar to those on Mac OS X, and you can have these on Ubuntu by doing the following:

1. Open a terminal and do "sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config". Set font hinting to "None" and leave the rest of the options as default.
2. Paste the following into a new file entitled "/etc/fonts/conf.d/lcd-legacy.conf":
{{{
<fontconfig>
<edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign"><const>legacy</const></edit>
</fontconfig>
}}}
3. Install any fonts you commonly use on Mac OS X. (Note: the Microsoft Core Fonts - which are commonly used in Office documents and online - can be installed using Add/Remove Programs).
4. Enjoy!

[[Anchor(touchpadtweaks)]]
== More touchpad tweaks ==

To enable touchpad scrolling/tapping/right-click:

You will need to edit the xorg.conf file (in /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

'''For more information than is available below, read {{{man synaptics}}}!'''

Replace the Synaptics Touchpad InputDevice section with the following:
* Basic device definition layout:
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
'''...insert other options from below here...'''
EndSection
}}}
* General options affecting the touchpad edge areas, speed, touch sensitivity, etc. Note that if not using edge scrolling, the edge boundaries can probably be decreased but the edge offsets will need to be reasonable (as below?) if edge scrolling is being used.:
{{{
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
}}}
* Options affecting taps for button clicks:
Buttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the left, middle and right mouse buttons respectively. If you set the values to 0, the method will be disabled. The ''TapButton'' options are for one, two or three finger taps. The ''CornerButton'' options are for one finger taps in the right-top (''RT''), right-bottom (''RB''), left-top (''LT'') and left-bottom (''LB'') corners of the touchpad. Generally you will want to use either corner taps or multi-finger taps, not both.
* Multi-finger taps
The following example uses a one-finger tap for left-click, a two-finger tap for right-click and a three-finger tap for middle-click (and the physical button can still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
}}}
* One-finger corner taps
The following example uses the right-bottom corner for middle-click and left-bottom corner for right-click (and the physical button is still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
}}}
* Options affecting scrolling:
You can either use edge scrolling or two-finger scrolling (as in Mac OS X) but you won't generally want to use both.
* Scrolling speed
The following options affect how far you have to move your finger across the touchpad to affect a scroll. Smaller values should make scrolling faster.
{{{
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
}}}
* Edge scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving a finger along an edge of the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
}}}
* Two-finger scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving two fingers horizontally or vertically over the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
}}}
* Additional useful information
* Firefox horizontal scrolling behavior
With two finger scrolling enabled, you will probably want to change Firefox's horizontal scrolling behavior. To do so, open Firefox, go to the URL "about:config", and change the following settings:
{{{
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action from 2 to 0
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines from -1 to 1
}}}
* Disable the touchpad temporarily while typing
It is useful to have the touchpad not use click or scroll events while you are typing. The information for this was found [http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2006/09/20/disable-touchpad-temporarily-when-typing/ here]. Make syndaemon start up by default each time you login, add it to the list of Startup Programs in System->Preferences->Sessions. Add the following command:
{{{
syndaemon -t -d
}}}

'''Restart X for changes to take effect with Ctrl-Alt-Backspace'''

=== Examples ===
* Example 1
With the following settings, two finger scrolling is enabled as in Mac OS X. Right-click is done by tapping the bottom-left corner of the touchpad, and middle-click is done by tapping the bottom-right corner of the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "0"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}
* Example 2
With the following settings the Synaptics Touchpad configuration should be closer to Mac OS X. Right-click using a two-finger tap and scroll by moving two fingers across the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "10"
Option "RightEdge" "1200"
Option "TopEdge" "10"
Option "BottomEdge" "370"
Option "FingerLow" "10"
Option "FingerHigh" "20"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}

== DVI Output (gutsy) ==
[http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_6.06.1_on_a_ThinkPad_R60e#Ubuntu_7.10_with_Intel_Graphics_Media_Accelerator_950 These instructions] worked perfectly for setting DVI output on my MacBook.

[http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/11/25/extended-video-on-the-macbook-xrandr-ftw/ extended display] - These instructions worked for me. A little more to the point than the above link.

Warning: Screen and Graphics Preferences is currently dangerous. It completely broke my /etc/X11/xorg.conf on my first reconfiguration attempt.

== Misc ==
This is useful if you already have too many partitions on your macbook and want to put the swap file directly on the main / partition.
{{{
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
edit fstab:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
}}}

Note: You can use suspend on disk with a swapfile. To do that we have to add an option passed to the kernel. Add the resume=/dev/<partition> resume_offset=<offset to the swapfile in blocks> :
{{{
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile
#output : First block: 102300
}}}
Copy the first block number of the swapfile (ex:102300) and edit the defoptions line of /boot/grub/menu.lst :
{{{
# defoptions=quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3 resume_offset=102300
}}}
The update your grub configuration :
{{{
sudo update-grub
}}}
On this example, the swapfile is on partition /dev/sda3.
You are now able to use suspend on disk (hibernate).

----
References:
* [http://www.apple.com/macbook/ Apple - MacBook]
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/UbuntuOnApple Ubuntu on Apple - Mac Mini]
* [http://bin-false.org/?p=17 /bin/false –help » Installing Ubuntu Linux on a MacBook (Dual Boot)]
* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/ Mactel: Linux on the MacBook Pro]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=198453 Ubuntu on MacBook Pro - Ubuntu Forums]
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookProFeisty (k)ubuntu fiesty 7.04 on a MacBookPro]
* [http://www.mactel-linux.org/wiki/Dual_Booting Dual Booting - Mactel-Linux]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=225621 Built-in iSight Howto, Intel Mac ( iMac, Macbook ) - Ubuntu Forums]
* [http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/08/02/installing-ubuntu-on-a-macbook-tutorial-beta/ Nearly Complete Installation Tutorial]

* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/suspend2/ suspend2]
CategoryCleanup CategoryAudio

Macbook

2008-05-24T19:34:20Z

Carsses: traduccion macbook continuación

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

----

= Como instalar Ubuntu en un Macbook =

Esta guía le ayudará con los pasos necesarios para la instalación de Ubuntu en un MacBook. Esta guía ha sido realizada para Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), pero está siendo adaptada para Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy heron).

Si tienes un MacBook Pro te recomendamos que veas esta otra guía: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookPro, tenga en cuenta que es casi todo igual , aunque esta página es tambien relevante.

Si tienes el nuevo Macbook (Santa Rosa v3.1) veer esta guía: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook_Santa_Rosa

Para la discusión adicional de este asunto, vea: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=1699961

Para una guía de tripe arranque vea: http://wiki.onmac.net/index.php/Triple_Boot_via_BootCamp_Ubuntu

'''Las instrucciones abajo se refieren a la aplicación BootCamp de Apple que está disponible de forma pública excepto si usas Leopard Mac OS X 10.5. Otra opción, sin embargo, es redimensionar la partición Mac OS X utilizando las utilidades de disco o reinstalar Mac Os X haciendo más pequeña la partición de Mac OS X, dejando el espacion libre necesario para Ubuntu'''

== Instrucciones básicas ==
1. Actualizar el software de tu sistema Mac Os X [http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/ firmware] a la versión más reciente. Tambien puede hacerlo de la manera estandard pulsando en la manzana y luego "Actualización de software" (Accesible desde el escritorio de su sistema Mac OS X) 
2. Baja tu Ubuntu [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download Live CD]. Para los primeros Macbooks tu debes seleccionar `i386`; Para los Macbooks Core 2 Duo (posterioes a 2006) puedes seleccionar `amd64` si tu estás interesado en arrancar a 64-bit OS,si no seleccionar ` i386`. 
3. Instalar [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt] si tu quieres un menu de arranque (para poder seleccionar OS X/Ubuntu) seleccionar el arranque. Puedes hacer que el arranque a Ubuntu sea por defecto y cargar la cuenta atras editando el fichero "refit.conf" (Según está descrito en el anterior web site [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt]). 
4. Si es necesario, use Boot Camp para redimensionar la partición OSX para dejar espacio para tu Ubuntu. Don't waste a CD creating a Windows driver disk. Reboot. 
5. Pulsa la tecla "C" para iniciar desde el CD. 
6. Instalar Ubuntu de la forma usual, excepto:
* En la particion, selecciona ''Editar manualmente la tabla de particiones''
* Borra /dev/sda3 y /dev/sda4 si existe
* Crea una nueva partición ext3 para tu usuario root
* Monte la reción creada partición ext3 en '/'
* Tenga en cuenta que con Boot Camp puede darle problemas si hace más de dos particiones. 
7. Finaliza la instalación y reinicia. 
8. Si has instalado rEFIT, deberíaa tener la posibilidad de elegir entre el arranque OS X y Ubuntu. Utilice las teclas de flecha y ENTER para seleccionar Ubuntu. 
9. Aleternativamente, si no has instalado rEFIT, mantenga pulsada Alt/Opción para decidir si desea arrancar en OSX / Ubuntu. El menú de arranque del Bootcamp instalado reconocerá la instalación de Ubuntu como si fuera de Window$ pero en realidad arrancará Ubuntu sin problemas.
10. Entre en su sistema.
11. Siga las instrucciones que aparecen a continuación para configurar los distintos componentes de hardware que no trabajan de forma estandard en Gutsy.

== Sound ==

Sound on MacBooks is provided by an Intel HDA-based integrated chipset, and should work out-of-the-box. However, in Ubuntu 8.04 alsa drivers 1.0.15 will not work with some chipsets, like SigmaTel STAC9221. In such cases everything seems to work fine but no sound is present (even unmuting all controls). Alsa drivers 1.0.16 should work fine, to install them:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) module-assistant alsa-source
sudo dpkg-reconfigure alsa-source
sudo module-assistant a-i alsa-source
}}}

This may disable Madwifi drivers for the wireless card, hence you want to compile alsa first.

The volume control will not work correctly out-of-the-box - in particular, reducing the default volume will result in sound distortion at lower volume levels, and volume control changes won't effect the headphone volume level.

To fix this, do the following

1. Add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base:
{{{
install snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-hda-intel $CMDLINE_OPTS && /lib/alsa/modprobe-post-install snd-hda-intel
}}}

2. Increase the volume (both using the key combination and the system tray applet) to its maximum possible value.

3. Right-click on the volume applet and choose Preferences. Select "PCM" as the device to control.

4. Open the Sound preferences (System-Preferences-Sound in GNOME). Select "PCM" as the device to control.

The above setting changes (step 3 and 4) can be done via the command line using these two gconftool-2 commands:
{{{
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/sound/default_mixer_tracks [PCM]
gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/panel/applets/mixer_screen0/prefs/active-track PCM
}}}

Step 1. may be necessary in Hardy even if you don't appreciate this issue.

== Microphone ==

The built-in iSight microphone (above the LCD screen) will not record out of the box, but is really easy to get working. The steps that I took to get the microphone working were:

1. right-click on the volume applet and select "Open Volume Control".

2. within the volume control application select "Edit > Preferences".

3. select "Mux" and "Input Source" at the bottom of the list, and close.

4. select the "Recording" tab and set "Mux" at about 1/3 full volume (higher results in static).

5. make sure mic is unmuted!

6. select the "Options" tab and select "Mic" as the input source.

note: the only options I have checked in "Edit > Preferences" (step 2 above) are: PCM, Input source, and Mux.

The above settings, minus the 1/3 volume level setting, can be toggled using the below commands:

{{{
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerMux --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerPCM --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerInputSource --type bool 1
}}}

== Wireless ==

If you have a first generation MacBook (Core Duo) then your wireless should just start working, though you may want to update to the latest version as illustrated below for better power efficiency and signal strength. Second generation Mac``Books (Core 2 Duo) have a newer version of the Atheros Wifi chipset which requires the installation of the latest Atheros Mad``Wifi drivers. [https://bugs.launchpad.net/madwifi/+bug/122703 bug #122703]

Please note that the current Mad``Wifi drivers depend on a proprietary binary, the Atheros HAL, and therefore are not open-source software. A free software implementation, [http://madwifi.org/wiki/About/OpenHAL OpenHAL], is currently being developed by the Madwifi devs, but unfortunately it does not support the Atheros chipset in the MacBooks yet.

The following commands compile and install the prerelease Mad``Wifi driver, insert it into the kernel, and disable background scanning for better stability. For installation, you can choose to use daily snapshots or Subversion.

Using daily snapshots:
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake
wget http://snapshots.madwifi.org/madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
tar -zxvf madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
cd madwifi-trunk-r*
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

Alternatively, using Subversion (be patient with the checkout, it may take a while):
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake
svn co http://svn.madwifi.org/madwifi/trunk madwifi
cd madwifi
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

At this point the driver should be installed and will be enabled after a reboot. Alternatively, you can skip the reboot and use the following commands to insert the driver into the running kernel:
{{{
sudo modprobe ath_pci
sudo iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0
}}}

Additionally, the Mad``Wifi drivers are sometimes unstable under certain circumstances when using the standard NetworkManager tool for managing networks. Because of these reasons, you may want to disable the drivers if you aren't using wireless. To do this, edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file and add "blacklist ath_pci" at the bottom. Additionally, you can deselect the Atheros HAL in the Restricted Manager (System-Administration-Restricted Drivers Manager).

To disallow replacement of just installed modules by installing linux-restricted-modules package update you can edit /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common and insert ath_hal into DISABLED_MODULES list:
{{{
sudo sed -i~ -e 's/^$DISABLED_MODULES="$$.*"$/\1ath_hal \2/' -e 's/ "$/"/' /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common
}}}

More information can be obtained at
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo

If you need to connect to a channel that's not allowed in the regulatory domain in which you bought your laptop, you'll need to follow these instructions: http://tumbleweed.org.za/2008/02/11/madwifi-regdomain-issues

=== Ndiswrapper ===
If you instead want to use ndiswrapper to use the Windows wireless drivers on Ubuntu (only for 32-bit) these are the instructions:

You have to have the XP drivers on your hard disk. If you don't have a Windows XP installation on an alternate partition, you can get the drivers from the Boot Camp driver disk. The drivers from the Boot Camp disk can be uncompressed using the non-free unrar in the multiverse repository:
* Enable multiverse ( see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu )
* Install the packages {{{rar unrar}}} (actually only unrar is truly necessary)
* Uncompress the Windows XP Atheros driver installer:

{{{
mkdir ~/atheros
unrar x atherosxpinstaller.exe ~/atheros/
}}}

* Install the atheros drivers using ndiswrapper:
{{{
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8

#install the driver into ndiswrapper:
sudo ndiswrapper -i "~/atheros/net5416.inf"
#--or--
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
sudo ndiswrapper -i "/mnt/Program Files/Macintosh Drivers for Windows XP 1.1.2/net5416/net5416.inf"

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo echo >> /etc/modules "ndiswrapper"
sudo umount /mnt
}}}

Reference: http://paulglover.net/20061210/triple-booting-macbook-os-x-ubuntu-edgy-windows-xp/

=== Wicd ===

In order to fix the wireless for the most recent Linux kernels, you may want to install wicd (http://wicd.net) instead of using network-manager. Follow the instructions for installation on Ubuntu on their website, then use these preferences:

WPA Supplicant Driver: wext
Wireless Interface: ath0
Wired Interface: eth0

All of the rest should not matter, except for your specific network settings, you should just leave them alone.

== Brightness ==

Brightness controls should work out-of-the box using HAL and GNOME Power Manager in Ubuntu 7.10. However, there are a few issues with automatic dimming. In particular, the automatic dimming feature actually *brightens* the MacBook screen when on AC, and on battery it brightens the screen if the screen brightness has been adjusted to a value below the standard level for battery power. This is documented in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/137598 #137598] and [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/63543 #63543].

Due to these issues, you may want to disable auto-dimming. This can be done by opening the Gconf Editor (gconf-editor in a Terminal will open it), and unchecking the key "enable" in "apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight". If at a later time you want to re-enable this feature (i.e. if the bug is fixed in a future update) simply return to this key and check it instead of unchecking it.

** Easy fix for Macbook Pro Gutsy

I simply went into System > Preferences > Power Management
1) I unchecked "Dim Display when idle"
2) In the "On Battery Power" tab, uncheck "Dim Display when idle"
3) in the "General" tab, uncheck "use ambient light to adjust LCD brightness" <<-- This seems to be the main problem, but I kept the other two unchecked just to be sure ;-)

== Suspend ==

Suspend is broken in Ubuntu 7.10 on many first-generation MacBooks as well as some later-generation MacBooks and MacBook Pros [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/151016 #151016]. In particular, these machines will go into suspend, but will not come out of suspend. This is because the 32bit kernel supplied with 7.10 has some issues which prevent this from working (the x86_64 kernel works correctly out of the box). To fix this you will have to download an older version of the Linux kernel that is known to work. The latest known version to work is 2.6.22-12, which you can download by installing the packages at the locations pointed to below. Be sure to install them in the order as they appear here.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-image-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.32
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22.4-12.3

After installing, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default=0 line to default=2 (if the newly-installed kernel is the third listed in the menu.lst file, which it should be when installed on a stock Gutsy install).

Restart your MacBook for the update to take effect. You will have to reinstall any wireless drivers you may have installed in the past.

Alternatively, users who prefer a newer kernel to an older one can install the 2.6.24 kernel packages from the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 release by adding the hardy repositories to their software sources:
{{{
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
}}}
Note: These should not replace the existing gutsy sources, but should be in addition to them. See the Repositories Howto for more information.

Once the new repositories have been added, and the package list reloaded, installing the new linux-generic should get all the necessary kernel packages from hardy, including linux-image, linux-ubuntu-modules, and linux-restricted-modules. Once the new packages are installed, disable (but don't remove) the hardy repositories, so that upgrades using apt or synaptic don't result in a complete upgrade to hardy. The user can periodically re-enable these repositories in order to check for updated kernel packages.

Rebooting into the new kernel ''should'' result in a perfectly suspending MacBook.

On my Macbook (2007), I need to edit /etc/default/acpi-support in the following way:

- change POST_VIDEO=true into POST_VIDEO=false

- Add sky2 in the modules to be removed before suspend and reloaded after: MODULES="sky2"

Note: on my MacBook (2nd gen: Nov 2006), using the hardy kernel as explained above, no change to /etc/default/acpi-support was required.

== Whining noise ==

In order to fix the whining noise that some MacBooks make, you need to install the iSight firmware. To install the iSight firmware, follow the steps listed below under "iSight". After installing the firmware and restarting, your MacBook should be whine-free.

Note: The above does not always work. In that case, add the following to /etc/init.d/acpid before exit 0.
{{{
echo 2 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/max_cstate
}}}

== Fonts & Desktop Effects ==

When using desktop effects (which are enabled by default on most MacBooks), the fonts used for menu bar titles will sometimes be larger than normal. This issue is described in detail in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/141001 #141001].

To fix this, in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf change:

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0
}}}

to

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0 -dpi 96
}}}

Restart X for this to take effect.

== iSight ==

The iSight is currently broken in Ubuntu Hardy, please see
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24/+bug/185634

iSight works on Gutsy as long as you either 1) boot OS X before booting Gutsy or 2) install the iSight firmware in Gutsy.
To install the iSight firmware, perform the following steps, substituting your Mac OS X partition for sda2 and your kernel for 2.6.22-14-generic. Please note that you need a Mac OS X partition to extract the firmware.

{{{
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdax /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/* /lib/firmware/2.6.22-14-generic/
}}}

Also, in /etc/default/acpi-support, edit the line that begins with MODULES such that it reads:

{{{
MODULES="isight_usb"
}}}

Restart for this to take effect. Once the firmware is functional, the iSight may be used with the "ekiga" program.

To install prerequisites and launch Ekiga (Ekiga may also be launched through the menus), do the following:

{{{
sudo apt-get install ekiga libpt-plugins-v4l2
ekiga
}}}

1. Configuration. You may have to select the iSight device. Edit > Preferences > Devices > Video Devices >
1. Video plugin: V4L2
1. Input device: Built-in iSight

If you want to use it in 640x480 mode, then:

{{{
gconftool-2 --type integer --set /apps/ekiga/devices/video/size 1
}}}

== Minimum Fan Speed ==

To set a minimum fan speed which may help your MacBook run cooler. Substitute your speed of choice (in RPM) for 3000 if you wish.

First you need to load the appropriate module:
{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}
then add the following line to /etc/init.d/acpid just before the exit statement:
{{{
echo 3000 > /sys/devices/platform/applesmc.768/fan1_min
}}}

== Reducing Power Consumption ==

PowerTOP is a program that monitors a Linux system and gives suggestions on reducing power consumption. To install PowerTOP, enter this command in a terminal:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
wget -c http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/download/powertop-1.9.tar.gz
tar -xvf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
cd powertop-1.9
sudo make
sudo make install
}}}

You can also use “checkinstall” instead of “make install” to create a simple .deb for easier removal.

PowerTOP must always be run as root, so use the following command to run it:

{{{
sudo powertop
}}}

== Reducing Drive Load/Unload Cycles ==

My Second Generation (C2D) MacBook is susceptible to a high load/unload cycle count on the hard drive. This is a workaround to lower the drive cycles and extend the drive life. Generate the following three files using the commands below:

{{{
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

Add execute permissions to the files:

{{{
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

To have these changes take effect immediately (without requiring a reboot):

{{{
sudo hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
}}}

See [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/acpi-support/+bug/59695 this bug] for more details.

note: this is Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy" on the Second Generation (C2D) MacBook. I have not tested on previous releases or other models.

== Right/Middle Clicking ==

There are two main approaches to right/middle clicking:
* Two/three finger taps via the synaptics touchpad driver by editing xorg.conf
* Remapping the functions of keys on the keyboard by editing system keyboard layouts or using xmodmap and a local configuration file

=== Multi-finger taps ===
See [#touchpadtweaks More touchpad tweaks].

=== Keyboard keys ===
Enable mouse emulation:
* On Ubuntu: Go to '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard ▸ Accessibility''' in the Main menu. Check '''Enable keyboard accessibility features'''. Click the ''Mouse Keys'' tab and check '''Enable Mouse Keys''' also.
* On Kubuntu: bring up ''System Settings'', find ''Keyboard & Mouse'', choose ''Mouse'' on the left, than the ''Mouse Navigation'' tab, and check the checkbox beside ''Move pointer with keyboard (using the num pad)''. Please note that on Kubuntu you will lose your numpad.
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Mouse Settings''' and on the '''Accessibility''' tab, enable the '''Enable mouse emulation''' check box.
Then '''either''' edit the system files '''or''' use a local configuration file and xmodmap:
* Editing system files (choose '''one''' of the following options):
* '''option 1:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Shift + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* '''option 2:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Alt Gr key + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* Using xmodmap and a local configuration file to override the system-wide layouts:
* The keycodes for relevant keys are:
* right Apple - keycode 116
* lower enter - keycode 108
* The keysyms for relevant input events are:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* Middle-click - Pointer_Button2
* Right-click - Pointer_Button3
* Create a text file as ~/.xmodmap containing the following text:
('''Note''': for my set up I use left Apple as Alt Gr, right Apple as middle-click and lower enter as right-click. If you want to use right Apple as Alt Gr then you may need to rethink your keys for clicks assignments.)
{{{
keycode 116 = Pointer_Button2
keycode 108 = Pointer_Button3
}}}
* Add a call to xmodmap to your startup applications:
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Autostarted Applications''', click the '''Add''' button, fill in the '''Name''' and '''Description''' fields and put the following into the '''Command''' field:
{{{
xmodmap ~/.xmodmap
}}}
Then click '''OK''' and '''Close'''.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

== Motion Sensor ==

The motion sensor doesn't support disk parking yet ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/139881 bug #139881]), but you can play physical neverball :-)

{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}

Then fire up neverball... (or any other game that uses a joystick)

== Keyboard layouts ==

(Xubuntu 7.10 UK MacBook) There are some MacBook / MacBook Pro keyboard models defined in xkb, however, I have found that the Apple Laptop model with layout as ''gb'' (for my UK MacBook) and variant as ''mac'' with the xmodmap configuration as below. Maybe this approach will work well for others.

To make the keyboard usable, for an international keyboard layout:
## TODO cjwatson 2007-03-27: is this still required in Ubuntu 7.04? Changes like this won't be preserved on upgrade any more, so aren't recommended.

* The GUI way:
Bring up the ''Keyboard Preferences'' window with '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard''' from the Main menu. Click on the '''Keyboard Layout Options''' tab, and find '''Third level choosers'''. Mark the ''right Win key'' as third level chooser. Now your right Apple key works as Alt Gr.
* The console way, editing system files:
* Alt Gr for right Apple key
{{{
sudo sed -i~ '/xkb_symbols "ralt_switch" {/a\ include "level3(rwin_switch)"' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/level3
}}}
* Fix swapped keys
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/ <LSGT> = 94;/ <LSGT> = 49;\n <TLDE> = 94;/' /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/xfree86
}}}
* The console way, using xmodmap and a local configuration file:
* keycodes for relevant keys:
* left Apple - keycode 115
* right Apple - keycode 116
* § or ± (UK MacBook key beneath escape) - keycode 49
* ` or ~ (UK MacBook key left of z) - keycode 94
* keysyms for relevant characters/functions:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* § or ± - section plusminus
* ` or ~ - grave tilde
* To fix the swapped keys and make left Apple equivalent to Alt Gr, edit a text file at ~/.xmodmap (create it if it doesn't exist) adding the following lines:
{{{
keycode 115 = ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 49 = section plusminus
keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
}}}
Then add {{{xmodmap ~/.xmodmap}}} to your start up.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

To swap the fn key behaviour:
{{{
#Add one of these commands to /etc/rc.local
echo -n 0x01 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN on (like OSX)
echo -n 0x02 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN off (press fn for volume/brightness/etc)
}}}

== Screen Colors (optional) ==
To calibrate the screen colors (in order to match OS X), you need to install ''xcalib''. This isn't available in the Ubuntu repositories, so you'll have to download it.

Go to http://www.etg.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/web/doe/xcalib/ and (if you are running `i386`) download the newest Linux binary; save it to the Desktop. (If you are running `amd64`, you'll need to compile it from source; make sure to install `libxxf86vm-dev` and `libxext-dev` first, and then simply `make xcalib` in the extracted source directory. Take the resulting `xcalib` binary and continue with these instructions.)

To install and configure it, you will need to do a few things in the terminal and mount a Mac OS X partition (to copy your color profile) as follows (substitute your Mac OS partition's partition number for 2 in /dev/sda2, 2 being the first standard partition):
{{{
sudo mv ~/Desktop/xcalib /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/* /usr/local/etc
}}}
Then, do an "ls /usr/local/etc" and note the name of the profile (for the next step).

Finally, add the following line to the end of either `/etc/gdm/Init/Default` (for standard Ubuntu/Gnome) or `/etc/kde3/kdm/Xsetup` (for Kubuntu/KDE), before the final "exit" statement:
{{{
/usr/local/bin/xcalib "/usr/local/etc/<insert name of profile here>"
}}}

Restart X (Ctrl-Alt-Backspace) and your Mac OS X color profile will load as X starts.

== Fonts like Mac OS X (optional) ==

By default, Ubuntu uses a style of font rendering different than that used on Mac OS X. You may prefer fonts similar to those on Mac OS X, and you can have these on Ubuntu by doing the following:

1. Open a terminal and do "sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config". Set font hinting to "None" and leave the rest of the options as default.
2. Paste the following into a new file entitled "/etc/fonts/conf.d/lcd-legacy.conf":
{{{
<fontconfig>
<edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign"><const>legacy</const></edit>
</fontconfig>
}}}
3. Install any fonts you commonly use on Mac OS X. (Note: the Microsoft Core Fonts - which are commonly used in Office documents and online - can be installed using Add/Remove Programs).
4. Enjoy!

[[Anchor(touchpadtweaks)]]
== More touchpad tweaks ==

To enable touchpad scrolling/tapping/right-click:

You will need to edit the xorg.conf file (in /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

'''For more information than is available below, read {{{man synaptics}}}!'''

Replace the Synaptics Touchpad InputDevice section with the following:
* Basic device definition layout:
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
'''...insert other options from below here...'''
EndSection
}}}
* General options affecting the touchpad edge areas, speed, touch sensitivity, etc. Note that if not using edge scrolling, the edge boundaries can probably be decreased but the edge offsets will need to be reasonable (as below?) if edge scrolling is being used.:
{{{
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
}}}
* Options affecting taps for button clicks:
Buttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the left, middle and right mouse buttons respectively. If you set the values to 0, the method will be disabled. The ''TapButton'' options are for one, two or three finger taps. The ''CornerButton'' options are for one finger taps in the right-top (''RT''), right-bottom (''RB''), left-top (''LT'') and left-bottom (''LB'') corners of the touchpad. Generally you will want to use either corner taps or multi-finger taps, not both.
* Multi-finger taps
The following example uses a one-finger tap for left-click, a two-finger tap for right-click and a three-finger tap for middle-click (and the physical button can still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
}}}
* One-finger corner taps
The following example uses the right-bottom corner for middle-click and left-bottom corner for right-click (and the physical button is still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
}}}
* Options affecting scrolling:
You can either use edge scrolling or two-finger scrolling (as in Mac OS X) but you won't generally want to use both.
* Scrolling speed
The following options affect how far you have to move your finger across the touchpad to affect a scroll. Smaller values should make scrolling faster.
{{{
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
}}}
* Edge scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving a finger along an edge of the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
}}}
* Two-finger scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving two fingers horizontally or vertically over the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
}}}
* Additional useful information
* Firefox horizontal scrolling behavior
With two finger scrolling enabled, you will probably want to change Firefox's horizontal scrolling behavior. To do so, open Firefox, go to the URL "about:config", and change the following settings:
{{{
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action from 2 to 0
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines from -1 to 1
}}}
* Disable the touchpad temporarily while typing
It is useful to have the touchpad not use click or scroll events while you are typing. The information for this was found [http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2006/09/20/disable-touchpad-temporarily-when-typing/ here]. Make syndaemon start up by default each time you login, add it to the list of Startup Programs in System->Preferences->Sessions. Add the following command:
{{{
syndaemon -t -d
}}}

'''Restart X for changes to take effect with Ctrl-Alt-Backspace'''

=== Examples ===
* Example 1
With the following settings, two finger scrolling is enabled as in Mac OS X. Right-click is done by tapping the bottom-left corner of the touchpad, and middle-click is done by tapping the bottom-right corner of the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "0"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}
* Example 2
With the following settings the Synaptics Touchpad configuration should be closer to Mac OS X. Right-click using a two-finger tap and scroll by moving two fingers across the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "10"
Option "RightEdge" "1200"
Option "TopEdge" "10"
Option "BottomEdge" "370"
Option "FingerLow" "10"
Option "FingerHigh" "20"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}

== DVI Output (gutsy) ==
[http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_6.06.1_on_a_ThinkPad_R60e#Ubuntu_7.10_with_Intel_Graphics_Media_Accelerator_950 These instructions] worked perfectly for setting DVI output on my MacBook.

[http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/11/25/extended-video-on-the-macbook-xrandr-ftw/ extended display] - These instructions worked for me. A little more to the point than the above link.

Warning: Screen and Graphics Preferences is currently dangerous. It completely broke my /etc/X11/xorg.conf on my first reconfiguration attempt.

== Misc ==
This is useful if you already have too many partitions on your macbook and want to put the swap file directly on the main / partition.
{{{
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
edit fstab:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
}}}

Note: You can use suspend on disk with a swapfile. To do that we have to add an option passed to the kernel. Add the resume=/dev/<partition> resume_offset=<offset to the swapfile in blocks> :
{{{
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile
#output : First block: 102300
}}}
Copy the first block number of the swapfile (ex:102300) and edit the defoptions line of /boot/grub/menu.lst :
{{{
# defoptions=quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3 resume_offset=102300
}}}
The update your grub configuration :
{{{
sudo update-grub
}}}
On this example, the swapfile is on partition /dev/sda3.
You are now able to use suspend on disk (hibernate).

----
References:
* [http://www.apple.com/macbook/ Apple - MacBook]
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/UbuntuOnApple Ubuntu on Apple - Mac Mini]
* [http://bin-false.org/?p=17 /bin/false –help » Installing Ubuntu Linux on a MacBook (Dual Boot)]
* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/ Mactel: Linux on the MacBook Pro]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=198453 Ubuntu on MacBook Pro - Ubuntu Forums]
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookProFeisty (k)ubuntu fiesty 7.04 on a MacBookPro]
* [http://www.mactel-linux.org/wiki/Dual_Booting Dual Booting - Mactel-Linux]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=225621 Built-in iSight Howto, Intel Mac ( iMac, Macbook ) - Ubuntu Forums]
* [http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/08/02/installing-ubuntu-on-a-macbook-tutorial-beta/ Nearly Complete Installation Tutorial]

* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/suspend2/ suspend2]
CategoryCleanup CategoryAudio

Macbook

2008-05-24T19:11:15Z

Carsses: /* Instrucciones básicas */

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

----

= Como instalar Ubuntu en un Macbook =

Esta guía le ayudará con los pasos necesarios para la instalación de Ubuntu en un MacBook. Esta guía ha sido realizada para Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), pero está siendo adaptada para Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy heron).

Si tienes un MacBook Pro te recomendamos que veas esta otra guía: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookPro, tenga en cuenta que es casi todo igual , aunque esta página es tambien relevante.

Si tienes el nuevo Macbook (Santa Rosa v3.1) veer esta guía: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook_Santa_Rosa

Para la discusión adicional de este asunto, vea: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=1699961

Para una guía de tripe arranque vea: http://wiki.onmac.net/index.php/Triple_Boot_via_BootCamp_Ubuntu

'''Las instrucciones abajo se refieren a la aplicación BootCamp de Apple que está disponible de forma pública excepto si usas Leopard Mac OS X 10.5. Otra opción, sin embargo, es redimensionar la partición Mac OS X utilizando las utilidades de disco o reinstalar Mac Os X haciendo más pequeña la partición de Mac OS X, dejando el espacion libre necesario para Ubuntu'''

== Instrucciones básicas ==
1. Actualizar el software de tu sistema Mac Os X [http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/ firmware] a la versión más reciente. Tambien puede hacerlo de la manera estandard pulsando en la manzana y luego "Actualización de software" (Accesible desde el escritorio de su sistema Mac OS X) 
2. Baja tu Ubuntu [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download Live CD]. Para los primeros Macbooks tu debes seleccionar `i386`; Para los Macbooks Core 2 Duo (posterioes a 2006) puedes seleccionar `amd64` si tu estás interesado en arrancar a 64-bit OS,si no seleccionar ` i386`. 
3. Instalar [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt] si tu quieres un menu de arranque (para poder seleccionar OS X/Ubuntu) seleccionar el arranque. Puedes hacer que el arranque a Ubuntu sea por defecto y cargar la cuenta atras editando el fichero "refit.conf" (Según está descrito en el anterior web site [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt]). 
4. Si es necesario, use Boot Camp para redimensionar la partición OSX para dejar espacio para tu Ubuntu. Don't waste a CD creating a Windows driver disk. Reboot. 
5. Pulsa la tecla "C" para iniciar desde el CD. 
6. Instalar Ubuntu de la forma usual, excepto:
* En la particion, selecciona ''Editar manualmente la tabla de particiones''
* Borra /dev/sda3 y /dev/sda4 si existe
* Crea una nueva partición ext3 para tu usuario root
* Monte la reción creada partición ext3 en '/'
* Tenga en cuenta que con Boot Camp puede darle problemas si hace más de dos particiones. 
7. Finaliza la instalación y reinicia. 
8. Si has instalado rEFIT, deberíaa tener la posibilidad de elegir entre el arranque OS X y Ubuntu. Utilice las teclas de flecha y ENTER para seleccionar Ubuntu. 
9. Alternatively, if you did not install rEFIt, hold down Alt/Option to choose whether to boot into OSX / Ubuntu. The Boot Camp-installed boot menu will recognize the Ubuntu installation as "Windows," but will boot Ubuntu normally regardless.
10. Log in to your system.
11. Follow the instructions below to set up the various hardware components that don't work out-of-the-box on Gutsy.

== Sound ==

Sound on MacBooks is provided by an Intel HDA-based integrated chipset, and should work out-of-the-box. However, in Ubuntu 8.04 alsa drivers 1.0.15 will not work with some chipsets, like SigmaTel STAC9221. In such cases everything seems to work fine but no sound is present (even unmuting all controls). Alsa drivers 1.0.16 should work fine, to install them:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) module-assistant alsa-source
sudo dpkg-reconfigure alsa-source
sudo module-assistant a-i alsa-source
}}}

This may disable Madwifi drivers for the wireless card, hence you want to compile alsa first.

The volume control will not work correctly out-of-the-box - in particular, reducing the default volume will result in sound distortion at lower volume levels, and volume control changes won't effect the headphone volume level.

To fix this, do the following

1. Add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base:
{{{
install snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-hda-intel $CMDLINE_OPTS && /lib/alsa/modprobe-post-install snd-hda-intel
}}}

2. Increase the volume (both using the key combination and the system tray applet) to its maximum possible value.

3. Right-click on the volume applet and choose Preferences. Select "PCM" as the device to control.

4. Open the Sound preferences (System-Preferences-Sound in GNOME). Select "PCM" as the device to control.

The above setting changes (step 3 and 4) can be done via the command line using these two gconftool-2 commands:
{{{
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/sound/default_mixer_tracks [PCM]
gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/panel/applets/mixer_screen0/prefs/active-track PCM
}}}

Step 1. may be necessary in Hardy even if you don't appreciate this issue.

== Microphone ==

The built-in iSight microphone (above the LCD screen) will not record out of the box, but is really easy to get working. The steps that I took to get the microphone working were:

1. right-click on the volume applet and select "Open Volume Control".

2. within the volume control application select "Edit > Preferences".

3. select "Mux" and "Input Source" at the bottom of the list, and close.

4. select the "Recording" tab and set "Mux" at about 1/3 full volume (higher results in static).

5. make sure mic is unmuted!

6. select the "Options" tab and select "Mic" as the input source.

note: the only options I have checked in "Edit > Preferences" (step 2 above) are: PCM, Input source, and Mux.

The above settings, minus the 1/3 volume level setting, can be toggled using the below commands:

{{{
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerMux --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerPCM --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerInputSource --type bool 1
}}}

== Wireless ==

If you have a first generation MacBook (Core Duo) then your wireless should just start working, though you may want to update to the latest version as illustrated below for better power efficiency and signal strength. Second generation Mac``Books (Core 2 Duo) have a newer version of the Atheros Wifi chipset which requires the installation of the latest Atheros Mad``Wifi drivers. [https://bugs.launchpad.net/madwifi/+bug/122703 bug #122703]

Please note that the current Mad``Wifi drivers depend on a proprietary binary, the Atheros HAL, and therefore are not open-source software. A free software implementation, [http://madwifi.org/wiki/About/OpenHAL OpenHAL], is currently being developed by the Madwifi devs, but unfortunately it does not support the Atheros chipset in the MacBooks yet.

The following commands compile and install the prerelease Mad``Wifi driver, insert it into the kernel, and disable background scanning for better stability. For installation, you can choose to use daily snapshots or Subversion.

Using daily snapshots:
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake
wget http://snapshots.madwifi.org/madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
tar -zxvf madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
cd madwifi-trunk-r*
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

Alternatively, using Subversion (be patient with the checkout, it may take a while):
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake
svn co http://svn.madwifi.org/madwifi/trunk madwifi
cd madwifi
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

At this point the driver should be installed and will be enabled after a reboot. Alternatively, you can skip the reboot and use the following commands to insert the driver into the running kernel:
{{{
sudo modprobe ath_pci
sudo iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0
}}}

Additionally, the Mad``Wifi drivers are sometimes unstable under certain circumstances when using the standard NetworkManager tool for managing networks. Because of these reasons, you may want to disable the drivers if you aren't using wireless. To do this, edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file and add "blacklist ath_pci" at the bottom. Additionally, you can deselect the Atheros HAL in the Restricted Manager (System-Administration-Restricted Drivers Manager).

To disallow replacement of just installed modules by installing linux-restricted-modules package update you can edit /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common and insert ath_hal into DISABLED_MODULES list:
{{{
sudo sed -i~ -e 's/^$DISABLED_MODULES="$$.*"$/\1ath_hal \2/' -e 's/ "$/"/' /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common
}}}

More information can be obtained at
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo

If you need to connect to a channel that's not allowed in the regulatory domain in which you bought your laptop, you'll need to follow these instructions: http://tumbleweed.org.za/2008/02/11/madwifi-regdomain-issues

=== Ndiswrapper ===
If you instead want to use ndiswrapper to use the Windows wireless drivers on Ubuntu (only for 32-bit) these are the instructions:

You have to have the XP drivers on your hard disk. If you don't have a Windows XP installation on an alternate partition, you can get the drivers from the Boot Camp driver disk. The drivers from the Boot Camp disk can be uncompressed using the non-free unrar in the multiverse repository:
* Enable multiverse ( see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu )
* Install the packages {{{rar unrar}}} (actually only unrar is truly necessary)
* Uncompress the Windows XP Atheros driver installer:

{{{
mkdir ~/atheros
unrar x atherosxpinstaller.exe ~/atheros/
}}}

* Install the atheros drivers using ndiswrapper:
{{{
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8

#install the driver into ndiswrapper:
sudo ndiswrapper -i "~/atheros/net5416.inf"
#--or--
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
sudo ndiswrapper -i "/mnt/Program Files/Macintosh Drivers for Windows XP 1.1.2/net5416/net5416.inf"

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo echo >> /etc/modules "ndiswrapper"
sudo umount /mnt
}}}

Reference: http://paulglover.net/20061210/triple-booting-macbook-os-x-ubuntu-edgy-windows-xp/

=== Wicd ===

In order to fix the wireless for the most recent Linux kernels, you may want to install wicd (http://wicd.net) instead of using network-manager. Follow the instructions for installation on Ubuntu on their website, then use these preferences:

WPA Supplicant Driver: wext
Wireless Interface: ath0
Wired Interface: eth0

All of the rest should not matter, except for your specific network settings, you should just leave them alone.

== Brightness ==

Brightness controls should work out-of-the box using HAL and GNOME Power Manager in Ubuntu 7.10. However, there are a few issues with automatic dimming. In particular, the automatic dimming feature actually *brightens* the MacBook screen when on AC, and on battery it brightens the screen if the screen brightness has been adjusted to a value below the standard level for battery power. This is documented in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/137598 #137598] and [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/63543 #63543].

Due to these issues, you may want to disable auto-dimming. This can be done by opening the Gconf Editor (gconf-editor in a Terminal will open it), and unchecking the key "enable" in "apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight". If at a later time you want to re-enable this feature (i.e. if the bug is fixed in a future update) simply return to this key and check it instead of unchecking it.

** Easy fix for Macbook Pro Gutsy

I simply went into System > Preferences > Power Management
1) I unchecked "Dim Display when idle"
2) In the "On Battery Power" tab, uncheck "Dim Display when idle"
3) in the "General" tab, uncheck "use ambient light to adjust LCD brightness" <<-- This seems to be the main problem, but I kept the other two unchecked just to be sure ;-)

== Suspend ==

Suspend is broken in Ubuntu 7.10 on many first-generation MacBooks as well as some later-generation MacBooks and MacBook Pros [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/151016 #151016]. In particular, these machines will go into suspend, but will not come out of suspend. This is because the 32bit kernel supplied with 7.10 has some issues which prevent this from working (the x86_64 kernel works correctly out of the box). To fix this you will have to download an older version of the Linux kernel that is known to work. The latest known version to work is 2.6.22-12, which you can download by installing the packages at the locations pointed to below. Be sure to install them in the order as they appear here.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-image-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.32
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22.4-12.3

After installing, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default=0 line to default=2 (if the newly-installed kernel is the third listed in the menu.lst file, which it should be when installed on a stock Gutsy install).

Restart your MacBook for the update to take effect. You will have to reinstall any wireless drivers you may have installed in the past.

Alternatively, users who prefer a newer kernel to an older one can install the 2.6.24 kernel packages from the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 release by adding the hardy repositories to their software sources:
{{{
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
}}}
Note: These should not replace the existing gutsy sources, but should be in addition to them. See the Repositories Howto for more information.

Once the new repositories have been added, and the package list reloaded, installing the new linux-generic should get all the necessary kernel packages from hardy, including linux-image, linux-ubuntu-modules, and linux-restricted-modules. Once the new packages are installed, disable (but don't remove) the hardy repositories, so that upgrades using apt or synaptic don't result in a complete upgrade to hardy. The user can periodically re-enable these repositories in order to check for updated kernel packages.

Rebooting into the new kernel ''should'' result in a perfectly suspending MacBook.

On my Macbook (2007), I need to edit /etc/default/acpi-support in the following way:

- change POST_VIDEO=true into POST_VIDEO=false

- Add sky2 in the modules to be removed before suspend and reloaded after: MODULES="sky2"

Note: on my MacBook (2nd gen: Nov 2006), using the hardy kernel as explained above, no change to /etc/default/acpi-support was required.

== Whining noise ==

In order to fix the whining noise that some MacBooks make, you need to install the iSight firmware. To install the iSight firmware, follow the steps listed below under "iSight". After installing the firmware and restarting, your MacBook should be whine-free.

Note: The above does not always work. In that case, add the following to /etc/init.d/acpid before exit 0.
{{{
echo 2 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/max_cstate
}}}

== Fonts & Desktop Effects ==

When using desktop effects (which are enabled by default on most MacBooks), the fonts used for menu bar titles will sometimes be larger than normal. This issue is described in detail in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/141001 #141001].

To fix this, in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf change:

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0
}}}

to

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0 -dpi 96
}}}

Restart X for this to take effect.

== iSight ==

The iSight is currently broken in Ubuntu Hardy, please see
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24/+bug/185634

iSight works on Gutsy as long as you either 1) boot OS X before booting Gutsy or 2) install the iSight firmware in Gutsy.
To install the iSight firmware, perform the following steps, substituting your Mac OS X partition for sda2 and your kernel for 2.6.22-14-generic. Please note that you need a Mac OS X partition to extract the firmware.

{{{
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdax /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/* /lib/firmware/2.6.22-14-generic/
}}}

Also, in /etc/default/acpi-support, edit the line that begins with MODULES such that it reads:

{{{
MODULES="isight_usb"
}}}

Restart for this to take effect. Once the firmware is functional, the iSight may be used with the "ekiga" program.

To install prerequisites and launch Ekiga (Ekiga may also be launched through the menus), do the following:

{{{
sudo apt-get install ekiga libpt-plugins-v4l2
ekiga
}}}

1. Configuration. You may have to select the iSight device. Edit > Preferences > Devices > Video Devices >
1. Video plugin: V4L2
1. Input device: Built-in iSight

If you want to use it in 640x480 mode, then:

{{{
gconftool-2 --type integer --set /apps/ekiga/devices/video/size 1
}}}

== Minimum Fan Speed ==

To set a minimum fan speed which may help your MacBook run cooler. Substitute your speed of choice (in RPM) for 3000 if you wish.

First you need to load the appropriate module:
{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}
then add the following line to /etc/init.d/acpid just before the exit statement:
{{{
echo 3000 > /sys/devices/platform/applesmc.768/fan1_min
}}}

== Reducing Power Consumption ==

PowerTOP is a program that monitors a Linux system and gives suggestions on reducing power consumption. To install PowerTOP, enter this command in a terminal:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
wget -c http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/download/powertop-1.9.tar.gz
tar -xvf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
cd powertop-1.9
sudo make
sudo make install
}}}

You can also use “checkinstall” instead of “make install” to create a simple .deb for easier removal.

PowerTOP must always be run as root, so use the following command to run it:

{{{
sudo powertop
}}}

== Reducing Drive Load/Unload Cycles ==

My Second Generation (C2D) MacBook is susceptible to a high load/unload cycle count on the hard drive. This is a workaround to lower the drive cycles and extend the drive life. Generate the following three files using the commands below:

{{{
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

Add execute permissions to the files:

{{{
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

To have these changes take effect immediately (without requiring a reboot):

{{{
sudo hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
}}}

See [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/acpi-support/+bug/59695 this bug] for more details.

note: this is Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy" on the Second Generation (C2D) MacBook. I have not tested on previous releases or other models.

== Right/Middle Clicking ==

There are two main approaches to right/middle clicking:
* Two/three finger taps via the synaptics touchpad driver by editing xorg.conf
* Remapping the functions of keys on the keyboard by editing system keyboard layouts or using xmodmap and a local configuration file

=== Multi-finger taps ===
See [#touchpadtweaks More touchpad tweaks].

=== Keyboard keys ===
Enable mouse emulation:
* On Ubuntu: Go to '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard ▸ Accessibility''' in the Main menu. Check '''Enable keyboard accessibility features'''. Click the ''Mouse Keys'' tab and check '''Enable Mouse Keys''' also.
* On Kubuntu: bring up ''System Settings'', find ''Keyboard & Mouse'', choose ''Mouse'' on the left, than the ''Mouse Navigation'' tab, and check the checkbox beside ''Move pointer with keyboard (using the num pad)''. Please note that on Kubuntu you will lose your numpad.
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Mouse Settings''' and on the '''Accessibility''' tab, enable the '''Enable mouse emulation''' check box.
Then '''either''' edit the system files '''or''' use a local configuration file and xmodmap:
* Editing system files (choose '''one''' of the following options):
* '''option 1:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Shift + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* '''option 2:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Alt Gr key + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* Using xmodmap and a local configuration file to override the system-wide layouts:
* The keycodes for relevant keys are:
* right Apple - keycode 116
* lower enter - keycode 108
* The keysyms for relevant input events are:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* Middle-click - Pointer_Button2
* Right-click - Pointer_Button3
* Create a text file as ~/.xmodmap containing the following text:
('''Note''': for my set up I use left Apple as Alt Gr, right Apple as middle-click and lower enter as right-click. If you want to use right Apple as Alt Gr then you may need to rethink your keys for clicks assignments.)
{{{
keycode 116 = Pointer_Button2
keycode 108 = Pointer_Button3
}}}
* Add a call to xmodmap to your startup applications:
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Autostarted Applications''', click the '''Add''' button, fill in the '''Name''' and '''Description''' fields and put the following into the '''Command''' field:
{{{
xmodmap ~/.xmodmap
}}}
Then click '''OK''' and '''Close'''.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

== Motion Sensor ==

The motion sensor doesn't support disk parking yet ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/139881 bug #139881]), but you can play physical neverball :-)

{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}

Then fire up neverball... (or any other game that uses a joystick)

== Keyboard layouts ==

(Xubuntu 7.10 UK MacBook) There are some MacBook / MacBook Pro keyboard models defined in xkb, however, I have found that the Apple Laptop model with layout as ''gb'' (for my UK MacBook) and variant as ''mac'' with the xmodmap configuration as below. Maybe this approach will work well for others.

To make the keyboard usable, for an international keyboard layout:
## TODO cjwatson 2007-03-27: is this still required in Ubuntu 7.04? Changes like this won't be preserved on upgrade any more, so aren't recommended.

* The GUI way:
Bring up the ''Keyboard Preferences'' window with '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard''' from the Main menu. Click on the '''Keyboard Layout Options''' tab, and find '''Third level choosers'''. Mark the ''right Win key'' as third level chooser. Now your right Apple key works as Alt Gr.
* The console way, editing system files:
* Alt Gr for right Apple key
{{{
sudo sed -i~ '/xkb_symbols "ralt_switch" {/a\ include "level3(rwin_switch)"' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/level3
}}}
* Fix swapped keys
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/ <LSGT> = 94;/ <LSGT> = 49;\n <TLDE> = 94;/' /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/xfree86
}}}
* The console way, using xmodmap and a local configuration file:
* keycodes for relevant keys:
* left Apple - keycode 115
* right Apple - keycode 116
* § or ± (UK MacBook key beneath escape) - keycode 49
* ` or ~ (UK MacBook key left of z) - keycode 94
* keysyms for relevant characters/functions:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* § or ± - section plusminus
* ` or ~ - grave tilde
* To fix the swapped keys and make left Apple equivalent to Alt Gr, edit a text file at ~/.xmodmap (create it if it doesn't exist) adding the following lines:
{{{
keycode 115 = ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 49 = section plusminus
keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
}}}
Then add {{{xmodmap ~/.xmodmap}}} to your start up.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

To swap the fn key behaviour:
{{{
#Add one of these commands to /etc/rc.local
echo -n 0x01 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN on (like OSX)
echo -n 0x02 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN off (press fn for volume/brightness/etc)
}}}

== Screen Colors (optional) ==
To calibrate the screen colors (in order to match OS X), you need to install ''xcalib''. This isn't available in the Ubuntu repositories, so you'll have to download it.

Go to http://www.etg.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/web/doe/xcalib/ and (if you are running `i386`) download the newest Linux binary; save it to the Desktop. (If you are running `amd64`, you'll need to compile it from source; make sure to install `libxxf86vm-dev` and `libxext-dev` first, and then simply `make xcalib` in the extracted source directory. Take the resulting `xcalib` binary and continue with these instructions.)

To install and configure it, you will need to do a few things in the terminal and mount a Mac OS X partition (to copy your color profile) as follows (substitute your Mac OS partition's partition number for 2 in /dev/sda2, 2 being the first standard partition):
{{{
sudo mv ~/Desktop/xcalib /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/* /usr/local/etc
}}}
Then, do an "ls /usr/local/etc" and note the name of the profile (for the next step).

Finally, add the following line to the end of either `/etc/gdm/Init/Default` (for standard Ubuntu/Gnome) or `/etc/kde3/kdm/Xsetup` (for Kubuntu/KDE), before the final "exit" statement:
{{{
/usr/local/bin/xcalib "/usr/local/etc/<insert name of profile here>"
}}}

Restart X (Ctrl-Alt-Backspace) and your Mac OS X color profile will load as X starts.

== Fonts like Mac OS X (optional) ==

By default, Ubuntu uses a style of font rendering different than that used on Mac OS X. You may prefer fonts similar to those on Mac OS X, and you can have these on Ubuntu by doing the following:

1. Open a terminal and do "sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config". Set font hinting to "None" and leave the rest of the options as default.
2. Paste the following into a new file entitled "/etc/fonts/conf.d/lcd-legacy.conf":
{{{
<fontconfig>
<edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign"><const>legacy</const></edit>
</fontconfig>
}}}
3. Install any fonts you commonly use on Mac OS X. (Note: the Microsoft Core Fonts - which are commonly used in Office documents and online - can be installed using Add/Remove Programs).
4. Enjoy!

[[Anchor(touchpadtweaks)]]
== More touchpad tweaks ==

To enable touchpad scrolling/tapping/right-click:

You will need to edit the xorg.conf file (in /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

'''For more information than is available below, read {{{man synaptics}}}!'''

Replace the Synaptics Touchpad InputDevice section with the following:
* Basic device definition layout:
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
'''...insert other options from below here...'''
EndSection
}}}
* General options affecting the touchpad edge areas, speed, touch sensitivity, etc. Note that if not using edge scrolling, the edge boundaries can probably be decreased but the edge offsets will need to be reasonable (as below?) if edge scrolling is being used.:
{{{
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
}}}
* Options affecting taps for button clicks:
Buttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the left, middle and right mouse buttons respectively. If you set the values to 0, the method will be disabled. The ''TapButton'' options are for one, two or three finger taps. The ''CornerButton'' options are for one finger taps in the right-top (''RT''), right-bottom (''RB''), left-top (''LT'') and left-bottom (''LB'') corners of the touchpad. Generally you will want to use either corner taps or multi-finger taps, not both.
* Multi-finger taps
The following example uses a one-finger tap for left-click, a two-finger tap for right-click and a three-finger tap for middle-click (and the physical button can still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
}}}
* One-finger corner taps
The following example uses the right-bottom corner for middle-click and left-bottom corner for right-click (and the physical button is still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
}}}
* Options affecting scrolling:
You can either use edge scrolling or two-finger scrolling (as in Mac OS X) but you won't generally want to use both.
* Scrolling speed
The following options affect how far you have to move your finger across the touchpad to affect a scroll. Smaller values should make scrolling faster.
{{{
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
}}}
* Edge scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving a finger along an edge of the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
}}}
* Two-finger scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving two fingers horizontally or vertically over the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
}}}
* Additional useful information
* Firefox horizontal scrolling behavior
With two finger scrolling enabled, you will probably want to change Firefox's horizontal scrolling behavior. To do so, open Firefox, go to the URL "about:config", and change the following settings:
{{{
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action from 2 to 0
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines from -1 to 1
}}}
* Disable the touchpad temporarily while typing
It is useful to have the touchpad not use click or scroll events while you are typing. The information for this was found [http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2006/09/20/disable-touchpad-temporarily-when-typing/ here]. Make syndaemon start up by default each time you login, add it to the list of Startup Programs in System->Preferences->Sessions. Add the following command:
{{{
syndaemon -t -d
}}}

'''Restart X for changes to take effect with Ctrl-Alt-Backspace'''

=== Examples ===
* Example 1
With the following settings, two finger scrolling is enabled as in Mac OS X. Right-click is done by tapping the bottom-left corner of the touchpad, and middle-click is done by tapping the bottom-right corner of the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "0"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}
* Example 2
With the following settings the Synaptics Touchpad configuration should be closer to Mac OS X. Right-click using a two-finger tap and scroll by moving two fingers across the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "10"
Option "RightEdge" "1200"
Option "TopEdge" "10"
Option "BottomEdge" "370"
Option "FingerLow" "10"
Option "FingerHigh" "20"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}

== DVI Output (gutsy) ==
[http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_6.06.1_on_a_ThinkPad_R60e#Ubuntu_7.10_with_Intel_Graphics_Media_Accelerator_950 These instructions] worked perfectly for setting DVI output on my MacBook.

[http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/11/25/extended-video-on-the-macbook-xrandr-ftw/ extended display] - These instructions worked for me. A little more to the point than the above link.

Warning: Screen and Graphics Preferences is currently dangerous. It completely broke my /etc/X11/xorg.conf on my first reconfiguration attempt.

== Misc ==
This is useful if you already have too many partitions on your macbook and want to put the swap file directly on the main / partition.
{{{
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
edit fstab:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
}}}

Note: You can use suspend on disk with a swapfile. To do that we have to add an option passed to the kernel. Add the resume=/dev/<partition> resume_offset=<offset to the swapfile in blocks> :
{{{
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile
#output : First block: 102300
}}}
Copy the first block number of the swapfile (ex:102300) and edit the defoptions line of /boot/grub/menu.lst :
{{{
# defoptions=quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3 resume_offset=102300
}}}
The update your grub configuration :
{{{
sudo update-grub
}}}
On this example, the swapfile is on partition /dev/sda3.
You are now able to use suspend on disk (hibernate).

----
References:
* [http://www.apple.com/macbook/ Apple - MacBook]
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/UbuntuOnApple Ubuntu on Apple - Mac Mini]
* [http://bin-false.org/?p=17 /bin/false –help » Installing Ubuntu Linux on a MacBook (Dual Boot)]
* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/ Mactel: Linux on the MacBook Pro]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=198453 Ubuntu on MacBook Pro - Ubuntu Forums]
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookProFeisty (k)ubuntu fiesty 7.04 on a MacBookPro]
* [http://www.mactel-linux.org/wiki/Dual_Booting Dual Booting - Mactel-Linux]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=225621 Built-in iSight Howto, Intel Mac ( iMac, Macbook ) - Ubuntu Forums]
* [http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/08/02/installing-ubuntu-on-a-macbook-tutorial-beta/ Nearly Complete Installation Tutorial]

* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/suspend2/ suspend2]
CategoryCleanup CategoryAudio

Macbook

2008-05-24T18:23:24Z

Carsses: /* Instrucciones básicas */

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

----

= Como instalar Ubuntu en un Macbook =

Esta guía le ayudará con los pasos necesarios para la instalación de Ubuntu en un MacBook. Esta guía ha sido realizada para Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), pero está siendo adaptada para Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy heron).

Si tienes un MacBook Pro te recomendamos que veas esta otra guía: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookPro, tenga en cuenta que es casi todo igual , aunque esta página es tambien relevante.

Si tienes el nuevo Macbook (Santa Rosa v3.1) veer esta guía: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook_Santa_Rosa

Para la discusión adicional de este asunto, vea: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=1699961

Para una guía de tripe arranque vea: http://wiki.onmac.net/index.php/Triple_Boot_via_BootCamp_Ubuntu

'''Las instrucciones abajo se refieren a la aplicación BootCamp de Apple que está disponible de forma pública excepto si usas Leopard Mac OS X 10.5. Otra opción, sin embargo, es redimensionar la partición Mac OS X utilizando las utilidades de disco o reinstalar Mac Os X haciendo más pequeña la partición de Mac OS X, dejando el espacion libre necesario para Ubuntu'''

== Instrucciones básicas ==
1. Actualizar el software de tu sistema Mac Os X [http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/ firmware] a la versión más reciente. Tambien puede hacerlo de la manera estandard pulsando en la manzana y luego "Actualización de software" (Accesible desde el escritorio de su sistema Mac OS X) 
2. Baja tu Ubuntu [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download Live CD]. Para los primeros Macbooks tu debes seleccionar `i386`; Para los Macbooks Core 2 Duo (posterioes a 2006) puedes seleccionar `amd64` si tu estás interesado en arrancar a 64-bit OS,si no seleccionar ` i386`. 
3. Instalar [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt] si tu quieres un menu de arranque (para poder seleccionar OS X/Ubuntu) seleccionar el arranque. Puedes hacer que el arranque a Ubuntu sea por defecto y cargar la cuenta atras editando el fichero "refit.conf" (Según está descrito en el anterior web site [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt]). 
4. If necessary, use Boot Camp to resize your OSX partition and make space for Ubuntu. Don't waste a CD creating a Windows driver disk. Reboot.
5. Hold down "C" to boot from the CD.
6. Install Ubuntu as usual, except:
* In the partitioner, select ''Manually edit partition table''
* Delete /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda4 if they exist
* Create a new ext3 partition for your root
* Mount the newly created ext3 partition on '/'
* Note that Boot Camp will cause problems if you make more than two partitions in total.
7. Finish the install and reboot.
8. If you installed rEFIt, you should have a choice between booting OS X and Ubuntu. Use the arrow keys and Enter to select Ubuntu.
9. Alternatively, if you did not install rEFIt, hold down Alt/Option to choose whether to boot into OSX / Ubuntu. The Boot Camp-installed boot menu will recognize the Ubuntu installation as "Windows," but will boot Ubuntu normally regardless.
10. Log in to your system.
11. Follow the instructions below to set up the various hardware components that don't work out-of-the-box on Gutsy.

== Sound ==

Sound on MacBooks is provided by an Intel HDA-based integrated chipset, and should work out-of-the-box. However, in Ubuntu 8.04 alsa drivers 1.0.15 will not work with some chipsets, like SigmaTel STAC9221. In such cases everything seems to work fine but no sound is present (even unmuting all controls). Alsa drivers 1.0.16 should work fine, to install them:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) module-assistant alsa-source
sudo dpkg-reconfigure alsa-source
sudo module-assistant a-i alsa-source
}}}

This may disable Madwifi drivers for the wireless card, hence you want to compile alsa first.

The volume control will not work correctly out-of-the-box - in particular, reducing the default volume will result in sound distortion at lower volume levels, and volume control changes won't effect the headphone volume level.

To fix this, do the following

1. Add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base:
{{{
install snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-hda-intel $CMDLINE_OPTS && /lib/alsa/modprobe-post-install snd-hda-intel
}}}

2. Increase the volume (both using the key combination and the system tray applet) to its maximum possible value.

3. Right-click on the volume applet and choose Preferences. Select "PCM" as the device to control.

4. Open the Sound preferences (System-Preferences-Sound in GNOME). Select "PCM" as the device to control.

The above setting changes (step 3 and 4) can be done via the command line using these two gconftool-2 commands:
{{{
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/sound/default_mixer_tracks [PCM]
gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/panel/applets/mixer_screen0/prefs/active-track PCM
}}}

Step 1. may be necessary in Hardy even if you don't appreciate this issue.

== Microphone ==

The built-in iSight microphone (above the LCD screen) will not record out of the box, but is really easy to get working. The steps that I took to get the microphone working were:

1. right-click on the volume applet and select "Open Volume Control".

2. within the volume control application select "Edit > Preferences".

3. select "Mux" and "Input Source" at the bottom of the list, and close.

4. select the "Recording" tab and set "Mux" at about 1/3 full volume (higher results in static).

5. make sure mic is unmuted!

6. select the "Options" tab and select "Mic" as the input source.

note: the only options I have checked in "Edit > Preferences" (step 2 above) are: PCM, Input source, and Mux.

The above settings, minus the 1/3 volume level setting, can be toggled using the below commands:

{{{
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerMux --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerPCM --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerInputSource --type bool 1
}}}

== Wireless ==

If you have a first generation MacBook (Core Duo) then your wireless should just start working, though you may want to update to the latest version as illustrated below for better power efficiency and signal strength. Second generation Mac``Books (Core 2 Duo) have a newer version of the Atheros Wifi chipset which requires the installation of the latest Atheros Mad``Wifi drivers. [https://bugs.launchpad.net/madwifi/+bug/122703 bug #122703]

Please note that the current Mad``Wifi drivers depend on a proprietary binary, the Atheros HAL, and therefore are not open-source software. A free software implementation, [http://madwifi.org/wiki/About/OpenHAL OpenHAL], is currently being developed by the Madwifi devs, but unfortunately it does not support the Atheros chipset in the MacBooks yet.

The following commands compile and install the prerelease Mad``Wifi driver, insert it into the kernel, and disable background scanning for better stability. For installation, you can choose to use daily snapshots or Subversion.

Using daily snapshots:
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake
wget http://snapshots.madwifi.org/madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
tar -zxvf madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
cd madwifi-trunk-r*
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

Alternatively, using Subversion (be patient with the checkout, it may take a while):
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake
svn co http://svn.madwifi.org/madwifi/trunk madwifi
cd madwifi
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

At this point the driver should be installed and will be enabled after a reboot. Alternatively, you can skip the reboot and use the following commands to insert the driver into the running kernel:
{{{
sudo modprobe ath_pci
sudo iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0
}}}

Additionally, the Mad``Wifi drivers are sometimes unstable under certain circumstances when using the standard NetworkManager tool for managing networks. Because of these reasons, you may want to disable the drivers if you aren't using wireless. To do this, edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file and add "blacklist ath_pci" at the bottom. Additionally, you can deselect the Atheros HAL in the Restricted Manager (System-Administration-Restricted Drivers Manager).

To disallow replacement of just installed modules by installing linux-restricted-modules package update you can edit /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common and insert ath_hal into DISABLED_MODULES list:
{{{
sudo sed -i~ -e 's/^$DISABLED_MODULES="$$.*"$/\1ath_hal \2/' -e 's/ "$/"/' /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common
}}}

More information can be obtained at
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo

If you need to connect to a channel that's not allowed in the regulatory domain in which you bought your laptop, you'll need to follow these instructions: http://tumbleweed.org.za/2008/02/11/madwifi-regdomain-issues

=== Ndiswrapper ===
If you instead want to use ndiswrapper to use the Windows wireless drivers on Ubuntu (only for 32-bit) these are the instructions:

You have to have the XP drivers on your hard disk. If you don't have a Windows XP installation on an alternate partition, you can get the drivers from the Boot Camp driver disk. The drivers from the Boot Camp disk can be uncompressed using the non-free unrar in the multiverse repository:
* Enable multiverse ( see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu )
* Install the packages {{{rar unrar}}} (actually only unrar is truly necessary)
* Uncompress the Windows XP Atheros driver installer:

{{{
mkdir ~/atheros
unrar x atherosxpinstaller.exe ~/atheros/
}}}

* Install the atheros drivers using ndiswrapper:
{{{
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8

#install the driver into ndiswrapper:
sudo ndiswrapper -i "~/atheros/net5416.inf"
#--or--
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
sudo ndiswrapper -i "/mnt/Program Files/Macintosh Drivers for Windows XP 1.1.2/net5416/net5416.inf"

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo echo >> /etc/modules "ndiswrapper"
sudo umount /mnt
}}}

Reference: http://paulglover.net/20061210/triple-booting-macbook-os-x-ubuntu-edgy-windows-xp/

=== Wicd ===

In order to fix the wireless for the most recent Linux kernels, you may want to install wicd (http://wicd.net) instead of using network-manager. Follow the instructions for installation on Ubuntu on their website, then use these preferences:

WPA Supplicant Driver: wext
Wireless Interface: ath0
Wired Interface: eth0

All of the rest should not matter, except for your specific network settings, you should just leave them alone.

== Brightness ==

Brightness controls should work out-of-the box using HAL and GNOME Power Manager in Ubuntu 7.10. However, there are a few issues with automatic dimming. In particular, the automatic dimming feature actually *brightens* the MacBook screen when on AC, and on battery it brightens the screen if the screen brightness has been adjusted to a value below the standard level for battery power. This is documented in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/137598 #137598] and [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/63543 #63543].

Due to these issues, you may want to disable auto-dimming. This can be done by opening the Gconf Editor (gconf-editor in a Terminal will open it), and unchecking the key "enable" in "apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight". If at a later time you want to re-enable this feature (i.e. if the bug is fixed in a future update) simply return to this key and check it instead of unchecking it.

** Easy fix for Macbook Pro Gutsy

I simply went into System > Preferences > Power Management
1) I unchecked "Dim Display when idle"
2) In the "On Battery Power" tab, uncheck "Dim Display when idle"
3) in the "General" tab, uncheck "use ambient light to adjust LCD brightness" <<-- This seems to be the main problem, but I kept the other two unchecked just to be sure ;-)

== Suspend ==

Suspend is broken in Ubuntu 7.10 on many first-generation MacBooks as well as some later-generation MacBooks and MacBook Pros [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/151016 #151016]. In particular, these machines will go into suspend, but will not come out of suspend. This is because the 32bit kernel supplied with 7.10 has some issues which prevent this from working (the x86_64 kernel works correctly out of the box). To fix this you will have to download an older version of the Linux kernel that is known to work. The latest known version to work is 2.6.22-12, which you can download by installing the packages at the locations pointed to below. Be sure to install them in the order as they appear here.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-image-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.32
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22.4-12.3

After installing, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default=0 line to default=2 (if the newly-installed kernel is the third listed in the menu.lst file, which it should be when installed on a stock Gutsy install).

Restart your MacBook for the update to take effect. You will have to reinstall any wireless drivers you may have installed in the past.

Alternatively, users who prefer a newer kernel to an older one can install the 2.6.24 kernel packages from the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 release by adding the hardy repositories to their software sources:
{{{
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
}}}
Note: These should not replace the existing gutsy sources, but should be in addition to them. See the Repositories Howto for more information.

Once the new repositories have been added, and the package list reloaded, installing the new linux-generic should get all the necessary kernel packages from hardy, including linux-image, linux-ubuntu-modules, and linux-restricted-modules. Once the new packages are installed, disable (but don't remove) the hardy repositories, so that upgrades using apt or synaptic don't result in a complete upgrade to hardy. The user can periodically re-enable these repositories in order to check for updated kernel packages.

Rebooting into the new kernel ''should'' result in a perfectly suspending MacBook.

On my Macbook (2007), I need to edit /etc/default/acpi-support in the following way:

- change POST_VIDEO=true into POST_VIDEO=false

- Add sky2 in the modules to be removed before suspend and reloaded after: MODULES="sky2"

Note: on my MacBook (2nd gen: Nov 2006), using the hardy kernel as explained above, no change to /etc/default/acpi-support was required.

== Whining noise ==

In order to fix the whining noise that some MacBooks make, you need to install the iSight firmware. To install the iSight firmware, follow the steps listed below under "iSight". After installing the firmware and restarting, your MacBook should be whine-free.

Note: The above does not always work. In that case, add the following to /etc/init.d/acpid before exit 0.
{{{
echo 2 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/max_cstate
}}}

== Fonts & Desktop Effects ==

When using desktop effects (which are enabled by default on most MacBooks), the fonts used for menu bar titles will sometimes be larger than normal. This issue is described in detail in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/141001 #141001].

To fix this, in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf change:

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0
}}}

to

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0 -dpi 96
}}}

Restart X for this to take effect.

== iSight ==

The iSight is currently broken in Ubuntu Hardy, please see
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24/+bug/185634

iSight works on Gutsy as long as you either 1) boot OS X before booting Gutsy or 2) install the iSight firmware in Gutsy.
To install the iSight firmware, perform the following steps, substituting your Mac OS X partition for sda2 and your kernel for 2.6.22-14-generic. Please note that you need a Mac OS X partition to extract the firmware.

{{{
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdax /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/* /lib/firmware/2.6.22-14-generic/
}}}

Also, in /etc/default/acpi-support, edit the line that begins with MODULES such that it reads:

{{{
MODULES="isight_usb"
}}}

Restart for this to take effect. Once the firmware is functional, the iSight may be used with the "ekiga" program.

To install prerequisites and launch Ekiga (Ekiga may also be launched through the menus), do the following:

{{{
sudo apt-get install ekiga libpt-plugins-v4l2
ekiga
}}}

1. Configuration. You may have to select the iSight device. Edit > Preferences > Devices > Video Devices >
1. Video plugin: V4L2
1. Input device: Built-in iSight

If you want to use it in 640x480 mode, then:

{{{
gconftool-2 --type integer --set /apps/ekiga/devices/video/size 1
}}}

== Minimum Fan Speed ==

To set a minimum fan speed which may help your MacBook run cooler. Substitute your speed of choice (in RPM) for 3000 if you wish.

First you need to load the appropriate module:
{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}
then add the following line to /etc/init.d/acpid just before the exit statement:
{{{
echo 3000 > /sys/devices/platform/applesmc.768/fan1_min
}}}

== Reducing Power Consumption ==

PowerTOP is a program that monitors a Linux system and gives suggestions on reducing power consumption. To install PowerTOP, enter this command in a terminal:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
wget -c http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/download/powertop-1.9.tar.gz
tar -xvf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
cd powertop-1.9
sudo make
sudo make install
}}}

You can also use “checkinstall” instead of “make install” to create a simple .deb for easier removal.

PowerTOP must always be run as root, so use the following command to run it:

{{{
sudo powertop
}}}

== Reducing Drive Load/Unload Cycles ==

My Second Generation (C2D) MacBook is susceptible to a high load/unload cycle count on the hard drive. This is a workaround to lower the drive cycles and extend the drive life. Generate the following three files using the commands below:

{{{
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

Add execute permissions to the files:

{{{
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

To have these changes take effect immediately (without requiring a reboot):

{{{
sudo hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
}}}

See [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/acpi-support/+bug/59695 this bug] for more details.

note: this is Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy" on the Second Generation (C2D) MacBook. I have not tested on previous releases or other models.

== Right/Middle Clicking ==

There are two main approaches to right/middle clicking:
* Two/three finger taps via the synaptics touchpad driver by editing xorg.conf
* Remapping the functions of keys on the keyboard by editing system keyboard layouts or using xmodmap and a local configuration file

=== Multi-finger taps ===
See [#touchpadtweaks More touchpad tweaks].

=== Keyboard keys ===
Enable mouse emulation:
* On Ubuntu: Go to '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard ▸ Accessibility''' in the Main menu. Check '''Enable keyboard accessibility features'''. Click the ''Mouse Keys'' tab and check '''Enable Mouse Keys''' also.
* On Kubuntu: bring up ''System Settings'', find ''Keyboard & Mouse'', choose ''Mouse'' on the left, than the ''Mouse Navigation'' tab, and check the checkbox beside ''Move pointer with keyboard (using the num pad)''. Please note that on Kubuntu you will lose your numpad.
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Mouse Settings''' and on the '''Accessibility''' tab, enable the '''Enable mouse emulation''' check box.
Then '''either''' edit the system files '''or''' use a local configuration file and xmodmap:
* Editing system files (choose '''one''' of the following options):
* '''option 1:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Shift + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* '''option 2:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Alt Gr key + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* Using xmodmap and a local configuration file to override the system-wide layouts:
* The keycodes for relevant keys are:
* right Apple - keycode 116
* lower enter - keycode 108
* The keysyms for relevant input events are:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* Middle-click - Pointer_Button2
* Right-click - Pointer_Button3
* Create a text file as ~/.xmodmap containing the following text:
('''Note''': for my set up I use left Apple as Alt Gr, right Apple as middle-click and lower enter as right-click. If you want to use right Apple as Alt Gr then you may need to rethink your keys for clicks assignments.)
{{{
keycode 116 = Pointer_Button2
keycode 108 = Pointer_Button3
}}}
* Add a call to xmodmap to your startup applications:
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Autostarted Applications''', click the '''Add''' button, fill in the '''Name''' and '''Description''' fields and put the following into the '''Command''' field:
{{{
xmodmap ~/.xmodmap
}}}
Then click '''OK''' and '''Close'''.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

== Motion Sensor ==

The motion sensor doesn't support disk parking yet ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/139881 bug #139881]), but you can play physical neverball :-)

{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}

Then fire up neverball... (or any other game that uses a joystick)

== Keyboard layouts ==

(Xubuntu 7.10 UK MacBook) There are some MacBook / MacBook Pro keyboard models defined in xkb, however, I have found that the Apple Laptop model with layout as ''gb'' (for my UK MacBook) and variant as ''mac'' with the xmodmap configuration as below. Maybe this approach will work well for others.

To make the keyboard usable, for an international keyboard layout:
## TODO cjwatson 2007-03-27: is this still required in Ubuntu 7.04? Changes like this won't be preserved on upgrade any more, so aren't recommended.

* The GUI way:
Bring up the ''Keyboard Preferences'' window with '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard''' from the Main menu. Click on the '''Keyboard Layout Options''' tab, and find '''Third level choosers'''. Mark the ''right Win key'' as third level chooser. Now your right Apple key works as Alt Gr.
* The console way, editing system files:
* Alt Gr for right Apple key
{{{
sudo sed -i~ '/xkb_symbols "ralt_switch" {/a\ include "level3(rwin_switch)"' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/level3
}}}
* Fix swapped keys
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/ <LSGT> = 94;/ <LSGT> = 49;\n <TLDE> = 94;/' /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/xfree86
}}}
* The console way, using xmodmap and a local configuration file:
* keycodes for relevant keys:
* left Apple - keycode 115
* right Apple - keycode 116
* § or ± (UK MacBook key beneath escape) - keycode 49
* ` or ~ (UK MacBook key left of z) - keycode 94
* keysyms for relevant characters/functions:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* § or ± - section plusminus
* ` or ~ - grave tilde
* To fix the swapped keys and make left Apple equivalent to Alt Gr, edit a text file at ~/.xmodmap (create it if it doesn't exist) adding the following lines:
{{{
keycode 115 = ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 49 = section plusminus
keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
}}}
Then add {{{xmodmap ~/.xmodmap}}} to your start up.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

To swap the fn key behaviour:
{{{
#Add one of these commands to /etc/rc.local
echo -n 0x01 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN on (like OSX)
echo -n 0x02 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN off (press fn for volume/brightness/etc)
}}}

== Screen Colors (optional) ==
To calibrate the screen colors (in order to match OS X), you need to install ''xcalib''. This isn't available in the Ubuntu repositories, so you'll have to download it.

Go to http://www.etg.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/web/doe/xcalib/ and (if you are running `i386`) download the newest Linux binary; save it to the Desktop. (If you are running `amd64`, you'll need to compile it from source; make sure to install `libxxf86vm-dev` and `libxext-dev` first, and then simply `make xcalib` in the extracted source directory. Take the resulting `xcalib` binary and continue with these instructions.)

To install and configure it, you will need to do a few things in the terminal and mount a Mac OS X partition (to copy your color profile) as follows (substitute your Mac OS partition's partition number for 2 in /dev/sda2, 2 being the first standard partition):
{{{
sudo mv ~/Desktop/xcalib /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/* /usr/local/etc
}}}
Then, do an "ls /usr/local/etc" and note the name of the profile (for the next step).

Finally, add the following line to the end of either `/etc/gdm/Init/Default` (for standard Ubuntu/Gnome) or `/etc/kde3/kdm/Xsetup` (for Kubuntu/KDE), before the final "exit" statement:
{{{
/usr/local/bin/xcalib "/usr/local/etc/<insert name of profile here>"
}}}

Restart X (Ctrl-Alt-Backspace) and your Mac OS X color profile will load as X starts.

== Fonts like Mac OS X (optional) ==

By default, Ubuntu uses a style of font rendering different than that used on Mac OS X. You may prefer fonts similar to those on Mac OS X, and you can have these on Ubuntu by doing the following:

1. Open a terminal and do "sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config". Set font hinting to "None" and leave the rest of the options as default.
2. Paste the following into a new file entitled "/etc/fonts/conf.d/lcd-legacy.conf":
{{{
<fontconfig>
<edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign"><const>legacy</const></edit>
</fontconfig>
}}}
3. Install any fonts you commonly use on Mac OS X. (Note: the Microsoft Core Fonts - which are commonly used in Office documents and online - can be installed using Add/Remove Programs).
4. Enjoy!

[[Anchor(touchpadtweaks)]]
== More touchpad tweaks ==

To enable touchpad scrolling/tapping/right-click:

You will need to edit the xorg.conf file (in /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

'''For more information than is available below, read {{{man synaptics}}}!'''

Replace the Synaptics Touchpad InputDevice section with the following:
* Basic device definition layout:
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
'''...insert other options from below here...'''
EndSection
}}}
* General options affecting the touchpad edge areas, speed, touch sensitivity, etc. Note that if not using edge scrolling, the edge boundaries can probably be decreased but the edge offsets will need to be reasonable (as below?) if edge scrolling is being used.:
{{{
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
}}}
* Options affecting taps for button clicks:
Buttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the left, middle and right mouse buttons respectively. If you set the values to 0, the method will be disabled. The ''TapButton'' options are for one, two or three finger taps. The ''CornerButton'' options are for one finger taps in the right-top (''RT''), right-bottom (''RB''), left-top (''LT'') and left-bottom (''LB'') corners of the touchpad. Generally you will want to use either corner taps or multi-finger taps, not both.
* Multi-finger taps
The following example uses a one-finger tap for left-click, a two-finger tap for right-click and a three-finger tap for middle-click (and the physical button can still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
}}}
* One-finger corner taps
The following example uses the right-bottom corner for middle-click and left-bottom corner for right-click (and the physical button is still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
}}}
* Options affecting scrolling:
You can either use edge scrolling or two-finger scrolling (as in Mac OS X) but you won't generally want to use both.
* Scrolling speed
The following options affect how far you have to move your finger across the touchpad to affect a scroll. Smaller values should make scrolling faster.
{{{
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
}}}
* Edge scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving a finger along an edge of the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
}}}
* Two-finger scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving two fingers horizontally or vertically over the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
}}}
* Additional useful information
* Firefox horizontal scrolling behavior
With two finger scrolling enabled, you will probably want to change Firefox's horizontal scrolling behavior. To do so, open Firefox, go to the URL "about:config", and change the following settings:
{{{
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action from 2 to 0
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines from -1 to 1
}}}
* Disable the touchpad temporarily while typing
It is useful to have the touchpad not use click or scroll events while you are typing. The information for this was found [http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2006/09/20/disable-touchpad-temporarily-when-typing/ here]. Make syndaemon start up by default each time you login, add it to the list of Startup Programs in System->Preferences->Sessions. Add the following command:
{{{
syndaemon -t -d
}}}

'''Restart X for changes to take effect with Ctrl-Alt-Backspace'''

=== Examples ===
* Example 1
With the following settings, two finger scrolling is enabled as in Mac OS X. Right-click is done by tapping the bottom-left corner of the touchpad, and middle-click is done by tapping the bottom-right corner of the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "0"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}
* Example 2
With the following settings the Synaptics Touchpad configuration should be closer to Mac OS X. Right-click using a two-finger tap and scroll by moving two fingers across the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "10"
Option "RightEdge" "1200"
Option "TopEdge" "10"
Option "BottomEdge" "370"
Option "FingerLow" "10"
Option "FingerHigh" "20"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}

== DVI Output (gutsy) ==
[http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_6.06.1_on_a_ThinkPad_R60e#Ubuntu_7.10_with_Intel_Graphics_Media_Accelerator_950 These instructions] worked perfectly for setting DVI output on my MacBook.

[http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/11/25/extended-video-on-the-macbook-xrandr-ftw/ extended display] - These instructions worked for me. A little more to the point than the above link.

Warning: Screen and Graphics Preferences is currently dangerous. It completely broke my /etc/X11/xorg.conf on my first reconfiguration attempt.

== Misc ==
This is useful if you already have too many partitions on your macbook and want to put the swap file directly on the main / partition.
{{{
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
edit fstab:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
}}}

Note: You can use suspend on disk with a swapfile. To do that we have to add an option passed to the kernel. Add the resume=/dev/<partition> resume_offset=<offset to the swapfile in blocks> :
{{{
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile
#output : First block: 102300
}}}
Copy the first block number of the swapfile (ex:102300) and edit the defoptions line of /boot/grub/menu.lst :
{{{
# defoptions=quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3 resume_offset=102300
}}}
The update your grub configuration :
{{{
sudo update-grub
}}}
On this example, the swapfile is on partition /dev/sda3.
You are now able to use suspend on disk (hibernate).

----
References:
* [http://www.apple.com/macbook/ Apple - MacBook]
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/UbuntuOnApple Ubuntu on Apple - Mac Mini]
* [http://bin-false.org/?p=17 /bin/false –help » Installing Ubuntu Linux on a MacBook (Dual Boot)]
* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/ Mactel: Linux on the MacBook Pro]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=198453 Ubuntu on MacBook Pro - Ubuntu Forums]
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookProFeisty (k)ubuntu fiesty 7.04 on a MacBookPro]
* [http://www.mactel-linux.org/wiki/Dual_Booting Dual Booting - Mactel-Linux]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=225621 Built-in iSight Howto, Intel Mac ( iMac, Macbook ) - Ubuntu Forums]
* [http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/08/02/installing-ubuntu-on-a-macbook-tutorial-beta/ Nearly Complete Installation Tutorial]

* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/suspend2/ suspend2]
CategoryCleanup CategoryAudio

Macbook

2008-05-24T14:36:08Z

Carsses: /* Instrucciones básicas */

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

----

= Como instalar Ubuntu en un Macbook =

Esta guía le ayudará con los pasos necesarios para la instalación de Ubuntu en un MacBook. Esta guía ha sido realizada para Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), pero está siendo adaptada para Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy heron).

Si tienes un MacBook Pro te recomendamos que veas esta otra guía: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookPro, tenga en cuenta que es casi todo igual , aunque esta página es tambien relevante.

Si tienes el nuevo Macbook (Santa Rosa v3.1) veer esta guía: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook_Santa_Rosa

Para la discusión adicional de este asunto, vea: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=1699961

Para una guía de tripe arranque vea: http://wiki.onmac.net/index.php/Triple_Boot_via_BootCamp_Ubuntu

'''Las instrucciones abajo se refieren a la aplicación BootCamp de Apple que está disponible de forma pública excepto si usas Leopard Mac OS X 10.5. Otra opción, sin embargo, es redimensionar la partición Mac OS X utilizando las utilidades de disco o reinstalar Mac Os X haciendo más pequeña la partición de Mac OS X, dejando el espacion libre necesario para Ubuntu'''

== Instrucciones básicas ==
1. Actualizar el software de tu sistema Mac Os X [http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/ firmware] a la versión más reciente. Tambien puede hacerlo de la manera estandard pulsando en la manzana y luego "Actualización de software" (Accesible desde el escritorio de su sistema Mac OS X) 
2. Baja tu Ubuntu [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download Live CD]. Para los primeros Macbooks tu debes seleccionar `i386`; Para los Macbooks Core 2 Duo (posterioes a 2006) puedes seleccionar `amd64` si tu estás interesado en arrancar a 64-bit OS,si no seleccionar ` i386`. 
3. Instalar [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt] si tu quieres un menu de arranque (para poder seleccionar OS X/Ubuntu) seleccionar el arranque. Puedes hacer que el arranque a Ubuntu sea por defecto y cargar la cuenta atras editando el fichero "refit.conf" (Según está descrito en el anterior web site).
4. If necessary, use Boot Camp to resize your OSX partition and make space for Ubuntu. Don't waste a CD creating a Windows driver disk. Reboot.
5. Hold down "C" to boot from the CD.
6. Install Ubuntu as usual, except:
* In the partitioner, select ''Manually edit partition table''
* Delete /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda4 if they exist
* Create a new ext3 partition for your root
* Mount the newly created ext3 partition on '/'
* Note that Boot Camp will cause problems if you make more than two partitions in total.
7. Finish the install and reboot.
8. If you installed rEFIt, you should have a choice between booting OS X and Ubuntu. Use the arrow keys and Enter to select Ubuntu.
9. Alternatively, if you did not install rEFIt, hold down Alt/Option to choose whether to boot into OSX / Ubuntu. The Boot Camp-installed boot menu will recognize the Ubuntu installation as "Windows," but will boot Ubuntu normally regardless.
10. Log in to your system.
11. Follow the instructions below to set up the various hardware components that don't work out-of-the-box on Gutsy.

== Sound ==

Sound on MacBooks is provided by an Intel HDA-based integrated chipset, and should work out-of-the-box. However, in Ubuntu 8.04 alsa drivers 1.0.15 will not work with some chipsets, like SigmaTel STAC9221. In such cases everything seems to work fine but no sound is present (even unmuting all controls). Alsa drivers 1.0.16 should work fine, to install them:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) module-assistant alsa-source
sudo dpkg-reconfigure alsa-source
sudo module-assistant a-i alsa-source
}}}

This may disable Madwifi drivers for the wireless card, hence you want to compile alsa first.

The volume control will not work correctly out-of-the-box - in particular, reducing the default volume will result in sound distortion at lower volume levels, and volume control changes won't effect the headphone volume level.

To fix this, do the following

1. Add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base:
{{{
install snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-hda-intel $CMDLINE_OPTS && /lib/alsa/modprobe-post-install snd-hda-intel
}}}

2. Increase the volume (both using the key combination and the system tray applet) to its maximum possible value.

3. Right-click on the volume applet and choose Preferences. Select "PCM" as the device to control.

4. Open the Sound preferences (System-Preferences-Sound in GNOME). Select "PCM" as the device to control.

The above setting changes (step 3 and 4) can be done via the command line using these two gconftool-2 commands:
{{{
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/sound/default_mixer_tracks [PCM]
gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/panel/applets/mixer_screen0/prefs/active-track PCM
}}}

Step 1. may be necessary in Hardy even if you don't appreciate this issue.

== Microphone ==

The built-in iSight microphone (above the LCD screen) will not record out of the box, but is really easy to get working. The steps that I took to get the microphone working were:

1. right-click on the volume applet and select "Open Volume Control".

2. within the volume control application select "Edit > Preferences".

3. select "Mux" and "Input Source" at the bottom of the list, and close.

4. select the "Recording" tab and set "Mux" at about 1/3 full volume (higher results in static).

5. make sure mic is unmuted!

6. select the "Options" tab and select "Mic" as the input source.

note: the only options I have checked in "Edit > Preferences" (step 2 above) are: PCM, Input source, and Mux.

The above settings, minus the 1/3 volume level setting, can be toggled using the below commands:

{{{
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerMux --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerPCM --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerInputSource --type bool 1
}}}

== Wireless ==

If you have a first generation MacBook (Core Duo) then your wireless should just start working, though you may want to update to the latest version as illustrated below for better power efficiency and signal strength. Second generation Mac``Books (Core 2 Duo) have a newer version of the Atheros Wifi chipset which requires the installation of the latest Atheros Mad``Wifi drivers. [https://bugs.launchpad.net/madwifi/+bug/122703 bug #122703]

Please note that the current Mad``Wifi drivers depend on a proprietary binary, the Atheros HAL, and therefore are not open-source software. A free software implementation, [http://madwifi.org/wiki/About/OpenHAL OpenHAL], is currently being developed by the Madwifi devs, but unfortunately it does not support the Atheros chipset in the MacBooks yet.

The following commands compile and install the prerelease Mad``Wifi driver, insert it into the kernel, and disable background scanning for better stability. For installation, you can choose to use daily snapshots or Subversion.

Using daily snapshots:
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake
wget http://snapshots.madwifi.org/madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
tar -zxvf madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
cd madwifi-trunk-r*
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

Alternatively, using Subversion (be patient with the checkout, it may take a while):
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake
svn co http://svn.madwifi.org/madwifi/trunk madwifi
cd madwifi
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

At this point the driver should be installed and will be enabled after a reboot. Alternatively, you can skip the reboot and use the following commands to insert the driver into the running kernel:
{{{
sudo modprobe ath_pci
sudo iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0
}}}

Additionally, the Mad``Wifi drivers are sometimes unstable under certain circumstances when using the standard NetworkManager tool for managing networks. Because of these reasons, you may want to disable the drivers if you aren't using wireless. To do this, edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file and add "blacklist ath_pci" at the bottom. Additionally, you can deselect the Atheros HAL in the Restricted Manager (System-Administration-Restricted Drivers Manager).

To disallow replacement of just installed modules by installing linux-restricted-modules package update you can edit /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common and insert ath_hal into DISABLED_MODULES list:
{{{
sudo sed -i~ -e 's/^$DISABLED_MODULES="$$.*"$/\1ath_hal \2/' -e 's/ "$/"/' /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common
}}}

More information can be obtained at
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo

If you need to connect to a channel that's not allowed in the regulatory domain in which you bought your laptop, you'll need to follow these instructions: http://tumbleweed.org.za/2008/02/11/madwifi-regdomain-issues

=== Ndiswrapper ===
If you instead want to use ndiswrapper to use the Windows wireless drivers on Ubuntu (only for 32-bit) these are the instructions:

You have to have the XP drivers on your hard disk. If you don't have a Windows XP installation on an alternate partition, you can get the drivers from the Boot Camp driver disk. The drivers from the Boot Camp disk can be uncompressed using the non-free unrar in the multiverse repository:
* Enable multiverse ( see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu )
* Install the packages {{{rar unrar}}} (actually only unrar is truly necessary)
* Uncompress the Windows XP Atheros driver installer:

{{{
mkdir ~/atheros
unrar x atherosxpinstaller.exe ~/atheros/
}}}

* Install the atheros drivers using ndiswrapper:
{{{
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8

#install the driver into ndiswrapper:
sudo ndiswrapper -i "~/atheros/net5416.inf"
#--or--
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
sudo ndiswrapper -i "/mnt/Program Files/Macintosh Drivers for Windows XP 1.1.2/net5416/net5416.inf"

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo echo >> /etc/modules "ndiswrapper"
sudo umount /mnt
}}}

Reference: http://paulglover.net/20061210/triple-booting-macbook-os-x-ubuntu-edgy-windows-xp/

=== Wicd ===

In order to fix the wireless for the most recent Linux kernels, you may want to install wicd (http://wicd.net) instead of using network-manager. Follow the instructions for installation on Ubuntu on their website, then use these preferences:

WPA Supplicant Driver: wext
Wireless Interface: ath0
Wired Interface: eth0

All of the rest should not matter, except for your specific network settings, you should just leave them alone.

== Brightness ==

Brightness controls should work out-of-the box using HAL and GNOME Power Manager in Ubuntu 7.10. However, there are a few issues with automatic dimming. In particular, the automatic dimming feature actually *brightens* the MacBook screen when on AC, and on battery it brightens the screen if the screen brightness has been adjusted to a value below the standard level for battery power. This is documented in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/137598 #137598] and [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/63543 #63543].

Due to these issues, you may want to disable auto-dimming. This can be done by opening the Gconf Editor (gconf-editor in a Terminal will open it), and unchecking the key "enable" in "apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight". If at a later time you want to re-enable this feature (i.e. if the bug is fixed in a future update) simply return to this key and check it instead of unchecking it.

** Easy fix for Macbook Pro Gutsy

I simply went into System > Preferences > Power Management
1) I unchecked "Dim Display when idle"
2) In the "On Battery Power" tab, uncheck "Dim Display when idle"
3) in the "General" tab, uncheck "use ambient light to adjust LCD brightness" <<-- This seems to be the main problem, but I kept the other two unchecked just to be sure ;-)

== Suspend ==

Suspend is broken in Ubuntu 7.10 on many first-generation MacBooks as well as some later-generation MacBooks and MacBook Pros [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/151016 #151016]. In particular, these machines will go into suspend, but will not come out of suspend. This is because the 32bit kernel supplied with 7.10 has some issues which prevent this from working (the x86_64 kernel works correctly out of the box). To fix this you will have to download an older version of the Linux kernel that is known to work. The latest known version to work is 2.6.22-12, which you can download by installing the packages at the locations pointed to below. Be sure to install them in the order as they appear here.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-image-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.32
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22.4-12.3

After installing, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default=0 line to default=2 (if the newly-installed kernel is the third listed in the menu.lst file, which it should be when installed on a stock Gutsy install).

Restart your MacBook for the update to take effect. You will have to reinstall any wireless drivers you may have installed in the past.

Alternatively, users who prefer a newer kernel to an older one can install the 2.6.24 kernel packages from the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 release by adding the hardy repositories to their software sources:
{{{
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
}}}
Note: These should not replace the existing gutsy sources, but should be in addition to them. See the Repositories Howto for more information.

Once the new repositories have been added, and the package list reloaded, installing the new linux-generic should get all the necessary kernel packages from hardy, including linux-image, linux-ubuntu-modules, and linux-restricted-modules. Once the new packages are installed, disable (but don't remove) the hardy repositories, so that upgrades using apt or synaptic don't result in a complete upgrade to hardy. The user can periodically re-enable these repositories in order to check for updated kernel packages.

Rebooting into the new kernel ''should'' result in a perfectly suspending MacBook.

On my Macbook (2007), I need to edit /etc/default/acpi-support in the following way:

- change POST_VIDEO=true into POST_VIDEO=false

- Add sky2 in the modules to be removed before suspend and reloaded after: MODULES="sky2"

Note: on my MacBook (2nd gen: Nov 2006), using the hardy kernel as explained above, no change to /etc/default/acpi-support was required.

== Whining noise ==

In order to fix the whining noise that some MacBooks make, you need to install the iSight firmware. To install the iSight firmware, follow the steps listed below under "iSight". After installing the firmware and restarting, your MacBook should be whine-free.

Note: The above does not always work. In that case, add the following to /etc/init.d/acpid before exit 0.
{{{
echo 2 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/max_cstate
}}}

== Fonts & Desktop Effects ==

When using desktop effects (which are enabled by default on most MacBooks), the fonts used for menu bar titles will sometimes be larger than normal. This issue is described in detail in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/141001 #141001].

To fix this, in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf change:

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0
}}}

to

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0 -dpi 96
}}}

Restart X for this to take effect.

== iSight ==

The iSight is currently broken in Ubuntu Hardy, please see
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24/+bug/185634

iSight works on Gutsy as long as you either 1) boot OS X before booting Gutsy or 2) install the iSight firmware in Gutsy.
To install the iSight firmware, perform the following steps, substituting your Mac OS X partition for sda2 and your kernel for 2.6.22-14-generic. Please note that you need a Mac OS X partition to extract the firmware.

{{{
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdax /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/* /lib/firmware/2.6.22-14-generic/
}}}

Also, in /etc/default/acpi-support, edit the line that begins with MODULES such that it reads:

{{{
MODULES="isight_usb"
}}}

Restart for this to take effect. Once the firmware is functional, the iSight may be used with the "ekiga" program.

To install prerequisites and launch Ekiga (Ekiga may also be launched through the menus), do the following:

{{{
sudo apt-get install ekiga libpt-plugins-v4l2
ekiga
}}}

1. Configuration. You may have to select the iSight device. Edit > Preferences > Devices > Video Devices >
1. Video plugin: V4L2
1. Input device: Built-in iSight

If you want to use it in 640x480 mode, then:

{{{
gconftool-2 --type integer --set /apps/ekiga/devices/video/size 1
}}}

== Minimum Fan Speed ==

To set a minimum fan speed which may help your MacBook run cooler. Substitute your speed of choice (in RPM) for 3000 if you wish.

First you need to load the appropriate module:
{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}
then add the following line to /etc/init.d/acpid just before the exit statement:
{{{
echo 3000 > /sys/devices/platform/applesmc.768/fan1_min
}}}

== Reducing Power Consumption ==

PowerTOP is a program that monitors a Linux system and gives suggestions on reducing power consumption. To install PowerTOP, enter this command in a terminal:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
wget -c http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/download/powertop-1.9.tar.gz
tar -xvf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
cd powertop-1.9
sudo make
sudo make install
}}}

You can also use “checkinstall” instead of “make install” to create a simple .deb for easier removal.

PowerTOP must always be run as root, so use the following command to run it:

{{{
sudo powertop
}}}

== Reducing Drive Load/Unload Cycles ==

My Second Generation (C2D) MacBook is susceptible to a high load/unload cycle count on the hard drive. This is a workaround to lower the drive cycles and extend the drive life. Generate the following three files using the commands below:

{{{
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

Add execute permissions to the files:

{{{
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

To have these changes take effect immediately (without requiring a reboot):

{{{
sudo hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
}}}

See [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/acpi-support/+bug/59695 this bug] for more details.

note: this is Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy" on the Second Generation (C2D) MacBook. I have not tested on previous releases or other models.

== Right/Middle Clicking ==

There are two main approaches to right/middle clicking:
* Two/three finger taps via the synaptics touchpad driver by editing xorg.conf
* Remapping the functions of keys on the keyboard by editing system keyboard layouts or using xmodmap and a local configuration file

=== Multi-finger taps ===
See [#touchpadtweaks More touchpad tweaks].

=== Keyboard keys ===
Enable mouse emulation:
* On Ubuntu: Go to '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard ▸ Accessibility''' in the Main menu. Check '''Enable keyboard accessibility features'''. Click the ''Mouse Keys'' tab and check '''Enable Mouse Keys''' also.
* On Kubuntu: bring up ''System Settings'', find ''Keyboard & Mouse'', choose ''Mouse'' on the left, than the ''Mouse Navigation'' tab, and check the checkbox beside ''Move pointer with keyboard (using the num pad)''. Please note that on Kubuntu you will lose your numpad.
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Mouse Settings''' and on the '''Accessibility''' tab, enable the '''Enable mouse emulation''' check box.
Then '''either''' edit the system files '''or''' use a local configuration file and xmodmap:
* Editing system files (choose '''one''' of the following options):
* '''option 1:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Shift + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* '''option 2:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Alt Gr key + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* Using xmodmap and a local configuration file to override the system-wide layouts:
* The keycodes for relevant keys are:
* right Apple - keycode 116
* lower enter - keycode 108
* The keysyms for relevant input events are:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* Middle-click - Pointer_Button2
* Right-click - Pointer_Button3
* Create a text file as ~/.xmodmap containing the following text:
('''Note''': for my set up I use left Apple as Alt Gr, right Apple as middle-click and lower enter as right-click. If you want to use right Apple as Alt Gr then you may need to rethink your keys for clicks assignments.)
{{{
keycode 116 = Pointer_Button2
keycode 108 = Pointer_Button3
}}}
* Add a call to xmodmap to your startup applications:
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Autostarted Applications''', click the '''Add''' button, fill in the '''Name''' and '''Description''' fields and put the following into the '''Command''' field:
{{{
xmodmap ~/.xmodmap
}}}
Then click '''OK''' and '''Close'''.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

== Motion Sensor ==

The motion sensor doesn't support disk parking yet ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/139881 bug #139881]), but you can play physical neverball :-)

{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}

Then fire up neverball... (or any other game that uses a joystick)

== Keyboard layouts ==

(Xubuntu 7.10 UK MacBook) There are some MacBook / MacBook Pro keyboard models defined in xkb, however, I have found that the Apple Laptop model with layout as ''gb'' (for my UK MacBook) and variant as ''mac'' with the xmodmap configuration as below. Maybe this approach will work well for others.

To make the keyboard usable, for an international keyboard layout:
## TODO cjwatson 2007-03-27: is this still required in Ubuntu 7.04? Changes like this won't be preserved on upgrade any more, so aren't recommended.

* The GUI way:
Bring up the ''Keyboard Preferences'' window with '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard''' from the Main menu. Click on the '''Keyboard Layout Options''' tab, and find '''Third level choosers'''. Mark the ''right Win key'' as third level chooser. Now your right Apple key works as Alt Gr.
* The console way, editing system files:
* Alt Gr for right Apple key
{{{
sudo sed -i~ '/xkb_symbols "ralt_switch" {/a\ include "level3(rwin_switch)"' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/level3
}}}
* Fix swapped keys
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/ <LSGT> = 94;/ <LSGT> = 49;\n <TLDE> = 94;/' /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/xfree86
}}}
* The console way, using xmodmap and a local configuration file:
* keycodes for relevant keys:
* left Apple - keycode 115
* right Apple - keycode 116
* § or ± (UK MacBook key beneath escape) - keycode 49
* ` or ~ (UK MacBook key left of z) - keycode 94
* keysyms for relevant characters/functions:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* § or ± - section plusminus
* ` or ~ - grave tilde
* To fix the swapped keys and make left Apple equivalent to Alt Gr, edit a text file at ~/.xmodmap (create it if it doesn't exist) adding the following lines:
{{{
keycode 115 = ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 49 = section plusminus
keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
}}}
Then add {{{xmodmap ~/.xmodmap}}} to your start up.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

To swap the fn key behaviour:
{{{
#Add one of these commands to /etc/rc.local
echo -n 0x01 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN on (like OSX)
echo -n 0x02 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN off (press fn for volume/brightness/etc)
}}}

== Screen Colors (optional) ==
To calibrate the screen colors (in order to match OS X), you need to install ''xcalib''. This isn't available in the Ubuntu repositories, so you'll have to download it.

Go to http://www.etg.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/web/doe/xcalib/ and (if you are running `i386`) download the newest Linux binary; save it to the Desktop. (If you are running `amd64`, you'll need to compile it from source; make sure to install `libxxf86vm-dev` and `libxext-dev` first, and then simply `make xcalib` in the extracted source directory. Take the resulting `xcalib` binary and continue with these instructions.)

To install and configure it, you will need to do a few things in the terminal and mount a Mac OS X partition (to copy your color profile) as follows (substitute your Mac OS partition's partition number for 2 in /dev/sda2, 2 being the first standard partition):
{{{
sudo mv ~/Desktop/xcalib /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/* /usr/local/etc
}}}
Then, do an "ls /usr/local/etc" and note the name of the profile (for the next step).

Finally, add the following line to the end of either `/etc/gdm/Init/Default` (for standard Ubuntu/Gnome) or `/etc/kde3/kdm/Xsetup` (for Kubuntu/KDE), before the final "exit" statement:
{{{
/usr/local/bin/xcalib "/usr/local/etc/<insert name of profile here>"
}}}

Restart X (Ctrl-Alt-Backspace) and your Mac OS X color profile will load as X starts.

== Fonts like Mac OS X (optional) ==

By default, Ubuntu uses a style of font rendering different than that used on Mac OS X. You may prefer fonts similar to those on Mac OS X, and you can have these on Ubuntu by doing the following:

1. Open a terminal and do "sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config". Set font hinting to "None" and leave the rest of the options as default.
2. Paste the following into a new file entitled "/etc/fonts/conf.d/lcd-legacy.conf":
{{{
<fontconfig>
<edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign"><const>legacy</const></edit>
</fontconfig>
}}}
3. Install any fonts you commonly use on Mac OS X. (Note: the Microsoft Core Fonts - which are commonly used in Office documents and online - can be installed using Add/Remove Programs).
4. Enjoy!

[[Anchor(touchpadtweaks)]]
== More touchpad tweaks ==

To enable touchpad scrolling/tapping/right-click:

You will need to edit the xorg.conf file (in /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

'''For more information than is available below, read {{{man synaptics}}}!'''

Replace the Synaptics Touchpad InputDevice section with the following:
* Basic device definition layout:
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
'''...insert other options from below here...'''
EndSection
}}}
* General options affecting the touchpad edge areas, speed, touch sensitivity, etc. Note that if not using edge scrolling, the edge boundaries can probably be decreased but the edge offsets will need to be reasonable (as below?) if edge scrolling is being used.:
{{{
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
}}}
* Options affecting taps for button clicks:
Buttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the left, middle and right mouse buttons respectively. If you set the values to 0, the method will be disabled. The ''TapButton'' options are for one, two or three finger taps. The ''CornerButton'' options are for one finger taps in the right-top (''RT''), right-bottom (''RB''), left-top (''LT'') and left-bottom (''LB'') corners of the touchpad. Generally you will want to use either corner taps or multi-finger taps, not both.
* Multi-finger taps
The following example uses a one-finger tap for left-click, a two-finger tap for right-click and a three-finger tap for middle-click (and the physical button can still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
}}}
* One-finger corner taps
The following example uses the right-bottom corner for middle-click and left-bottom corner for right-click (and the physical button is still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
}}}
* Options affecting scrolling:
You can either use edge scrolling or two-finger scrolling (as in Mac OS X) but you won't generally want to use both.
* Scrolling speed
The following options affect how far you have to move your finger across the touchpad to affect a scroll. Smaller values should make scrolling faster.
{{{
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
}}}
* Edge scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving a finger along an edge of the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
}}}
* Two-finger scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving two fingers horizontally or vertically over the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
}}}
* Additional useful information
* Firefox horizontal scrolling behavior
With two finger scrolling enabled, you will probably want to change Firefox's horizontal scrolling behavior. To do so, open Firefox, go to the URL "about:config", and change the following settings:
{{{
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action from 2 to 0
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines from -1 to 1
}}}
* Disable the touchpad temporarily while typing
It is useful to have the touchpad not use click or scroll events while you are typing. The information for this was found [http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2006/09/20/disable-touchpad-temporarily-when-typing/ here]. Make syndaemon start up by default each time you login, add it to the list of Startup Programs in System->Preferences->Sessions. Add the following command:
{{{
syndaemon -t -d
}}}

'''Restart X for changes to take effect with Ctrl-Alt-Backspace'''

=== Examples ===
* Example 1
With the following settings, two finger scrolling is enabled as in Mac OS X. Right-click is done by tapping the bottom-left corner of the touchpad, and middle-click is done by tapping the bottom-right corner of the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "0"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}
* Example 2
With the following settings the Synaptics Touchpad configuration should be closer to Mac OS X. Right-click using a two-finger tap and scroll by moving two fingers across the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "10"
Option "RightEdge" "1200"
Option "TopEdge" "10"
Option "BottomEdge" "370"
Option "FingerLow" "10"
Option "FingerHigh" "20"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}

== DVI Output (gutsy) ==
[http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_6.06.1_on_a_ThinkPad_R60e#Ubuntu_7.10_with_Intel_Graphics_Media_Accelerator_950 These instructions] worked perfectly for setting DVI output on my MacBook.

[http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/11/25/extended-video-on-the-macbook-xrandr-ftw/ extended display] - These instructions worked for me. A little more to the point than the above link.

Warning: Screen and Graphics Preferences is currently dangerous. It completely broke my /etc/X11/xorg.conf on my first reconfiguration attempt.

== Misc ==
This is useful if you already have too many partitions on your macbook and want to put the swap file directly on the main / partition.
{{{
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
edit fstab:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
}}}

Note: You can use suspend on disk with a swapfile. To do that we have to add an option passed to the kernel. Add the resume=/dev/<partition> resume_offset=<offset to the swapfile in blocks> :
{{{
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile
#output : First block: 102300
}}}
Copy the first block number of the swapfile (ex:102300) and edit the defoptions line of /boot/grub/menu.lst :
{{{
# defoptions=quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3 resume_offset=102300
}}}
The update your grub configuration :
{{{
sudo update-grub
}}}
On this example, the swapfile is on partition /dev/sda3.
You are now able to use suspend on disk (hibernate).

----
References:
* [http://www.apple.com/macbook/ Apple - MacBook]
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/UbuntuOnApple Ubuntu on Apple - Mac Mini]
* [http://bin-false.org/?p=17 /bin/false –help » Installing Ubuntu Linux on a MacBook (Dual Boot)]
* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/ Mactel: Linux on the MacBook Pro]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=198453 Ubuntu on MacBook Pro - Ubuntu Forums]
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookProFeisty (k)ubuntu fiesty 7.04 on a MacBookPro]
* [http://www.mactel-linux.org/wiki/Dual_Booting Dual Booting - Mactel-Linux]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=225621 Built-in iSight Howto, Intel Mac ( iMac, Macbook ) - Ubuntu Forums]
* [http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/08/02/installing-ubuntu-on-a-macbook-tutorial-beta/ Nearly Complete Installation Tutorial]

* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/suspend2/ suspend2]
CategoryCleanup CategoryAudio

Macbook

2008-05-24T14:28:30Z

Carsses: mas Traducciones

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

----

= Como instalar Ubuntu en un Macbook =

Esta guía le ayudará con los pasos necesarios para la instalación de Ubuntu en un MacBook. Esta guía ha sido realizada para Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), pero está siendo adaptada para Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy heron).

Si tienes un MacBook Pro te recomendamos que veas esta otra guía: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookPro, tenga en cuenta que es casi todo igual , aunque esta página es tambien relevante.

Si tienes el nuevo Macbook (Santa Rosa v3.1) veer esta guía: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook_Santa_Rosa

Para la discusión adicional de este asunto, vea: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=1699961

Para una guía de tripe arranque vea: http://wiki.onmac.net/index.php/Triple_Boot_via_BootCamp_Ubuntu

'''Las instrucciones abajo se refieren a la aplicación BootCamp de Apple que está disponible de forma pública excepto si usas Leopard Mac OS X 10.5. Otra opción, sin embargo, es redimensionar la partición Mac OS X utilizando las utilidades de disco o reinstalar Mac Os X haciendo más pequeña la partición de Mac OS X, dejando el espacion libre necesario para Ubuntu'''

== Instrucciones básicas ==
1. Actualizar el software de tu sistema Mac Os X [http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/ firmware] a la versión más reciente. Tambien puede hacerlo de la manera estandard pulsando en la manzana y luego "Actualización de software" 
(Accesible desde el escritorio de su sistema Mac OS X)
2. Baja tu Ubuntu [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download Live CD]. Para los primeros Macbooks tu debes seleccionar `i386`; Para los Macbooks Core 2 Duo (posterioes a 2006) puedes seleccionar `amd64` si tu estás interesado en arrancar a 64-bit OS,si no seleccionar ` i386`.
3. Instalar [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt] si tu quieres un menu de arranque (para poder seleccionar OS X/Ubuntu) seleccionar el arranque. Puedes hacer que el arranque a Ubuntu sea por defecto y cargar la cuenta atras editando el fichero "refit.conf"(Según está descrito en el anterior web site).
4. If necessary, use Boot Camp to resize your OSX partition and make space for Ubuntu. Don't waste a CD creating a Windows driver disk. Reboot.
5. Hold down "C" to boot from the CD.
6. Install Ubuntu as usual, except:
* In the partitioner, select ''Manually edit partition table''
* Delete /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda4 if they exist
* Create a new ext3 partition for your root
* Mount the newly created ext3 partition on '/'
* Note that Boot Camp will cause problems if you make more than two partitions in total.
7. Finish the install and reboot.
8. If you installed rEFIt, you should have a choice between booting OS X and Ubuntu. Use the arrow keys and Enter to select Ubuntu.
9. Alternatively, if you did not install rEFIt, hold down Alt/Option to choose whether to boot into OSX / Ubuntu. The Boot Camp-installed boot menu will recognize the Ubuntu installation as "Windows," but will boot Ubuntu normally regardless.
10. Log in to your system.
11. Follow the instructions below to set up the various hardware components that don't work out-of-the-box on Gutsy.

== Sound ==

Sound on MacBooks is provided by an Intel HDA-based integrated chipset, and should work out-of-the-box. However, in Ubuntu 8.04 alsa drivers 1.0.15 will not work with some chipsets, like SigmaTel STAC9221. In such cases everything seems to work fine but no sound is present (even unmuting all controls). Alsa drivers 1.0.16 should work fine, to install them:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) module-assistant alsa-source
sudo dpkg-reconfigure alsa-source
sudo module-assistant a-i alsa-source
}}}

This may disable Madwifi drivers for the wireless card, hence you want to compile alsa first.

The volume control will not work correctly out-of-the-box - in particular, reducing the default volume will result in sound distortion at lower volume levels, and volume control changes won't effect the headphone volume level.

To fix this, do the following

1. Add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base:
{{{
install snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-hda-intel $CMDLINE_OPTS && /lib/alsa/modprobe-post-install snd-hda-intel
}}}

2. Increase the volume (both using the key combination and the system tray applet) to its maximum possible value.

3. Right-click on the volume applet and choose Preferences. Select "PCM" as the device to control.

4. Open the Sound preferences (System-Preferences-Sound in GNOME). Select "PCM" as the device to control.

The above setting changes (step 3 and 4) can be done via the command line using these two gconftool-2 commands:
{{{
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/sound/default_mixer_tracks [PCM]
gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/panel/applets/mixer_screen0/prefs/active-track PCM
}}}

Step 1. may be necessary in Hardy even if you don't appreciate this issue.

== Microphone ==

The built-in iSight microphone (above the LCD screen) will not record out of the box, but is really easy to get working. The steps that I took to get the microphone working were:

1. right-click on the volume applet and select "Open Volume Control".

2. within the volume control application select "Edit > Preferences".

3. select "Mux" and "Input Source" at the bottom of the list, and close.

4. select the "Recording" tab and set "Mux" at about 1/3 full volume (higher results in static).

5. make sure mic is unmuted!

6. select the "Options" tab and select "Mic" as the input source.

note: the only options I have checked in "Edit > Preferences" (step 2 above) are: PCM, Input source, and Mux.

The above settings, minus the 1/3 volume level setting, can be toggled using the below commands:

{{{
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerMux --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerPCM --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerInputSource --type bool 1
}}}

== Wireless ==

If you have a first generation MacBook (Core Duo) then your wireless should just start working, though you may want to update to the latest version as illustrated below for better power efficiency and signal strength. Second generation Mac``Books (Core 2 Duo) have a newer version of the Atheros Wifi chipset which requires the installation of the latest Atheros Mad``Wifi drivers. [https://bugs.launchpad.net/madwifi/+bug/122703 bug #122703]

Please note that the current Mad``Wifi drivers depend on a proprietary binary, the Atheros HAL, and therefore are not open-source software. A free software implementation, [http://madwifi.org/wiki/About/OpenHAL OpenHAL], is currently being developed by the Madwifi devs, but unfortunately it does not support the Atheros chipset in the MacBooks yet.

The following commands compile and install the prerelease Mad``Wifi driver, insert it into the kernel, and disable background scanning for better stability. For installation, you can choose to use daily snapshots or Subversion.

Using daily snapshots:
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake
wget http://snapshots.madwifi.org/madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
tar -zxvf madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
cd madwifi-trunk-r*
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

Alternatively, using Subversion (be patient with the checkout, it may take a while):
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake
svn co http://svn.madwifi.org/madwifi/trunk madwifi
cd madwifi
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

At this point the driver should be installed and will be enabled after a reboot. Alternatively, you can skip the reboot and use the following commands to insert the driver into the running kernel:
{{{
sudo modprobe ath_pci
sudo iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0
}}}

Additionally, the Mad``Wifi drivers are sometimes unstable under certain circumstances when using the standard NetworkManager tool for managing networks. Because of these reasons, you may want to disable the drivers if you aren't using wireless. To do this, edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file and add "blacklist ath_pci" at the bottom. Additionally, you can deselect the Atheros HAL in the Restricted Manager (System-Administration-Restricted Drivers Manager).

To disallow replacement of just installed modules by installing linux-restricted-modules package update you can edit /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common and insert ath_hal into DISABLED_MODULES list:
{{{
sudo sed -i~ -e 's/^$DISABLED_MODULES="$$.*"$/\1ath_hal \2/' -e 's/ "$/"/' /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common
}}}

More information can be obtained at
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo

If you need to connect to a channel that's not allowed in the regulatory domain in which you bought your laptop, you'll need to follow these instructions: http://tumbleweed.org.za/2008/02/11/madwifi-regdomain-issues

=== Ndiswrapper ===
If you instead want to use ndiswrapper to use the Windows wireless drivers on Ubuntu (only for 32-bit) these are the instructions:

You have to have the XP drivers on your hard disk. If you don't have a Windows XP installation on an alternate partition, you can get the drivers from the Boot Camp driver disk. The drivers from the Boot Camp disk can be uncompressed using the non-free unrar in the multiverse repository:
* Enable multiverse ( see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu )
* Install the packages {{{rar unrar}}} (actually only unrar is truly necessary)
* Uncompress the Windows XP Atheros driver installer:

{{{
mkdir ~/atheros
unrar x atherosxpinstaller.exe ~/atheros/
}}}

* Install the atheros drivers using ndiswrapper:
{{{
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8

#install the driver into ndiswrapper:
sudo ndiswrapper -i "~/atheros/net5416.inf"
#--or--
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
sudo ndiswrapper -i "/mnt/Program Files/Macintosh Drivers for Windows XP 1.1.2/net5416/net5416.inf"

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo echo >> /etc/modules "ndiswrapper"
sudo umount /mnt
}}}

Reference: http://paulglover.net/20061210/triple-booting-macbook-os-x-ubuntu-edgy-windows-xp/

=== Wicd ===

In order to fix the wireless for the most recent Linux kernels, you may want to install wicd (http://wicd.net) instead of using network-manager. Follow the instructions for installation on Ubuntu on their website, then use these preferences:

WPA Supplicant Driver: wext
Wireless Interface: ath0
Wired Interface: eth0

All of the rest should not matter, except for your specific network settings, you should just leave them alone.

== Brightness ==

Brightness controls should work out-of-the box using HAL and GNOME Power Manager in Ubuntu 7.10. However, there are a few issues with automatic dimming. In particular, the automatic dimming feature actually *brightens* the MacBook screen when on AC, and on battery it brightens the screen if the screen brightness has been adjusted to a value below the standard level for battery power. This is documented in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/137598 #137598] and [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/63543 #63543].

Due to these issues, you may want to disable auto-dimming. This can be done by opening the Gconf Editor (gconf-editor in a Terminal will open it), and unchecking the key "enable" in "apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight". If at a later time you want to re-enable this feature (i.e. if the bug is fixed in a future update) simply return to this key and check it instead of unchecking it.

** Easy fix for Macbook Pro Gutsy

I simply went into System > Preferences > Power Management
1) I unchecked "Dim Display when idle"
2) In the "On Battery Power" tab, uncheck "Dim Display when idle"
3) in the "General" tab, uncheck "use ambient light to adjust LCD brightness" <<-- This seems to be the main problem, but I kept the other two unchecked just to be sure ;-)

== Suspend ==

Suspend is broken in Ubuntu 7.10 on many first-generation MacBooks as well as some later-generation MacBooks and MacBook Pros [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/151016 #151016]. In particular, these machines will go into suspend, but will not come out of suspend. This is because the 32bit kernel supplied with 7.10 has some issues which prevent this from working (the x86_64 kernel works correctly out of the box). To fix this you will have to download an older version of the Linux kernel that is known to work. The latest known version to work is 2.6.22-12, which you can download by installing the packages at the locations pointed to below. Be sure to install them in the order as they appear here.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-image-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.32
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22.4-12.3

After installing, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default=0 line to default=2 (if the newly-installed kernel is the third listed in the menu.lst file, which it should be when installed on a stock Gutsy install).

Restart your MacBook for the update to take effect. You will have to reinstall any wireless drivers you may have installed in the past.

Alternatively, users who prefer a newer kernel to an older one can install the 2.6.24 kernel packages from the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 release by adding the hardy repositories to their software sources:
{{{
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
}}}
Note: These should not replace the existing gutsy sources, but should be in addition to them. See the Repositories Howto for more information.

Once the new repositories have been added, and the package list reloaded, installing the new linux-generic should get all the necessary kernel packages from hardy, including linux-image, linux-ubuntu-modules, and linux-restricted-modules. Once the new packages are installed, disable (but don't remove) the hardy repositories, so that upgrades using apt or synaptic don't result in a complete upgrade to hardy. The user can periodically re-enable these repositories in order to check for updated kernel packages.

Rebooting into the new kernel ''should'' result in a perfectly suspending MacBook.

On my Macbook (2007), I need to edit /etc/default/acpi-support in the following way:

- change POST_VIDEO=true into POST_VIDEO=false

- Add sky2 in the modules to be removed before suspend and reloaded after: MODULES="sky2"

Note: on my MacBook (2nd gen: Nov 2006), using the hardy kernel as explained above, no change to /etc/default/acpi-support was required.

== Whining noise ==

In order to fix the whining noise that some MacBooks make, you need to install the iSight firmware. To install the iSight firmware, follow the steps listed below under "iSight". After installing the firmware and restarting, your MacBook should be whine-free.

Note: The above does not always work. In that case, add the following to /etc/init.d/acpid before exit 0.
{{{
echo 2 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/max_cstate
}}}

== Fonts & Desktop Effects ==

When using desktop effects (which are enabled by default on most MacBooks), the fonts used for menu bar titles will sometimes be larger than normal. This issue is described in detail in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/141001 #141001].

To fix this, in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf change:

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0
}}}

to

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0 -dpi 96
}}}

Restart X for this to take effect.

== iSight ==

The iSight is currently broken in Ubuntu Hardy, please see
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24/+bug/185634

iSight works on Gutsy as long as you either 1) boot OS X before booting Gutsy or 2) install the iSight firmware in Gutsy.
To install the iSight firmware, perform the following steps, substituting your Mac OS X partition for sda2 and your kernel for 2.6.22-14-generic. Please note that you need a Mac OS X partition to extract the firmware.

{{{
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdax /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/* /lib/firmware/2.6.22-14-generic/
}}}

Also, in /etc/default/acpi-support, edit the line that begins with MODULES such that it reads:

{{{
MODULES="isight_usb"
}}}

Restart for this to take effect. Once the firmware is functional, the iSight may be used with the "ekiga" program.

To install prerequisites and launch Ekiga (Ekiga may also be launched through the menus), do the following:

{{{
sudo apt-get install ekiga libpt-plugins-v4l2
ekiga
}}}

1. Configuration. You may have to select the iSight device. Edit > Preferences > Devices > Video Devices >
1. Video plugin: V4L2
1. Input device: Built-in iSight

If you want to use it in 640x480 mode, then:

{{{
gconftool-2 --type integer --set /apps/ekiga/devices/video/size 1
}}}

== Minimum Fan Speed ==

To set a minimum fan speed which may help your MacBook run cooler. Substitute your speed of choice (in RPM) for 3000 if you wish.

First you need to load the appropriate module:
{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}
then add the following line to /etc/init.d/acpid just before the exit statement:
{{{
echo 3000 > /sys/devices/platform/applesmc.768/fan1_min
}}}

== Reducing Power Consumption ==

PowerTOP is a program that monitors a Linux system and gives suggestions on reducing power consumption. To install PowerTOP, enter this command in a terminal:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
wget -c http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/download/powertop-1.9.tar.gz
tar -xvf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
cd powertop-1.9
sudo make
sudo make install
}}}

You can also use “checkinstall” instead of “make install” to create a simple .deb for easier removal.

PowerTOP must always be run as root, so use the following command to run it:

{{{
sudo powertop
}}}

== Reducing Drive Load/Unload Cycles ==

My Second Generation (C2D) MacBook is susceptible to a high load/unload cycle count on the hard drive. This is a workaround to lower the drive cycles and extend the drive life. Generate the following three files using the commands below:

{{{
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

Add execute permissions to the files:

{{{
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

To have these changes take effect immediately (without requiring a reboot):

{{{
sudo hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
}}}

See [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/acpi-support/+bug/59695 this bug] for more details.

note: this is Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy" on the Second Generation (C2D) MacBook. I have not tested on previous releases or other models.

== Right/Middle Clicking ==

There are two main approaches to right/middle clicking:
* Two/three finger taps via the synaptics touchpad driver by editing xorg.conf
* Remapping the functions of keys on the keyboard by editing system keyboard layouts or using xmodmap and a local configuration file

=== Multi-finger taps ===
See [#touchpadtweaks More touchpad tweaks].

=== Keyboard keys ===
Enable mouse emulation:
* On Ubuntu: Go to '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard ▸ Accessibility''' in the Main menu. Check '''Enable keyboard accessibility features'''. Click the ''Mouse Keys'' tab and check '''Enable Mouse Keys''' also.
* On Kubuntu: bring up ''System Settings'', find ''Keyboard & Mouse'', choose ''Mouse'' on the left, than the ''Mouse Navigation'' tab, and check the checkbox beside ''Move pointer with keyboard (using the num pad)''. Please note that on Kubuntu you will lose your numpad.
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Mouse Settings''' and on the '''Accessibility''' tab, enable the '''Enable mouse emulation''' check box.
Then '''either''' edit the system files '''or''' use a local configuration file and xmodmap:
* Editing system files (choose '''one''' of the following options):
* '''option 1:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Shift + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* '''option 2:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Alt Gr key + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* Using xmodmap and a local configuration file to override the system-wide layouts:
* The keycodes for relevant keys are:
* right Apple - keycode 116
* lower enter - keycode 108
* The keysyms for relevant input events are:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* Middle-click - Pointer_Button2
* Right-click - Pointer_Button3
* Create a text file as ~/.xmodmap containing the following text:
('''Note''': for my set up I use left Apple as Alt Gr, right Apple as middle-click and lower enter as right-click. If you want to use right Apple as Alt Gr then you may need to rethink your keys for clicks assignments.)
{{{
keycode 116 = Pointer_Button2
keycode 108 = Pointer_Button3
}}}
* Add a call to xmodmap to your startup applications:
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Autostarted Applications''', click the '''Add''' button, fill in the '''Name''' and '''Description''' fields and put the following into the '''Command''' field:
{{{
xmodmap ~/.xmodmap
}}}
Then click '''OK''' and '''Close'''.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

== Motion Sensor ==

The motion sensor doesn't support disk parking yet ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/139881 bug #139881]), but you can play physical neverball :-)

{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}

Then fire up neverball... (or any other game that uses a joystick)

== Keyboard layouts ==

(Xubuntu 7.10 UK MacBook) There are some MacBook / MacBook Pro keyboard models defined in xkb, however, I have found that the Apple Laptop model with layout as ''gb'' (for my UK MacBook) and variant as ''mac'' with the xmodmap configuration as below. Maybe this approach will work well for others.

To make the keyboard usable, for an international keyboard layout:
## TODO cjwatson 2007-03-27: is this still required in Ubuntu 7.04? Changes like this won't be preserved on upgrade any more, so aren't recommended.

* The GUI way:
Bring up the ''Keyboard Preferences'' window with '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard''' from the Main menu. Click on the '''Keyboard Layout Options''' tab, and find '''Third level choosers'''. Mark the ''right Win key'' as third level chooser. Now your right Apple key works as Alt Gr.
* The console way, editing system files:
* Alt Gr for right Apple key
{{{
sudo sed -i~ '/xkb_symbols "ralt_switch" {/a\ include "level3(rwin_switch)"' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/level3
}}}
* Fix swapped keys
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/ <LSGT> = 94;/ <LSGT> = 49;\n <TLDE> = 94;/' /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/xfree86
}}}
* The console way, using xmodmap and a local configuration file:
* keycodes for relevant keys:
* left Apple - keycode 115
* right Apple - keycode 116
* § or ± (UK MacBook key beneath escape) - keycode 49
* ` or ~ (UK MacBook key left of z) - keycode 94
* keysyms for relevant characters/functions:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* § or ± - section plusminus
* ` or ~ - grave tilde
* To fix the swapped keys and make left Apple equivalent to Alt Gr, edit a text file at ~/.xmodmap (create it if it doesn't exist) adding the following lines:
{{{
keycode 115 = ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 49 = section plusminus
keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
}}}
Then add {{{xmodmap ~/.xmodmap}}} to your start up.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

To swap the fn key behaviour:
{{{
#Add one of these commands to /etc/rc.local
echo -n 0x01 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN on (like OSX)
echo -n 0x02 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN off (press fn for volume/brightness/etc)
}}}

== Screen Colors (optional) ==
To calibrate the screen colors (in order to match OS X), you need to install ''xcalib''. This isn't available in the Ubuntu repositories, so you'll have to download it.

Go to http://www.etg.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/web/doe/xcalib/ and (if you are running `i386`) download the newest Linux binary; save it to the Desktop. (If you are running `amd64`, you'll need to compile it from source; make sure to install `libxxf86vm-dev` and `libxext-dev` first, and then simply `make xcalib` in the extracted source directory. Take the resulting `xcalib` binary and continue with these instructions.)

To install and configure it, you will need to do a few things in the terminal and mount a Mac OS X partition (to copy your color profile) as follows (substitute your Mac OS partition's partition number for 2 in /dev/sda2, 2 being the first standard partition):
{{{
sudo mv ~/Desktop/xcalib /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/* /usr/local/etc
}}}
Then, do an "ls /usr/local/etc" and note the name of the profile (for the next step).

Finally, add the following line to the end of either `/etc/gdm/Init/Default` (for standard Ubuntu/Gnome) or `/etc/kde3/kdm/Xsetup` (for Kubuntu/KDE), before the final "exit" statement:
{{{
/usr/local/bin/xcalib "/usr/local/etc/<insert name of profile here>"
}}}

Restart X (Ctrl-Alt-Backspace) and your Mac OS X color profile will load as X starts.

== Fonts like Mac OS X (optional) ==

By default, Ubuntu uses a style of font rendering different than that used on Mac OS X. You may prefer fonts similar to those on Mac OS X, and you can have these on Ubuntu by doing the following:

1. Open a terminal and do "sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config". Set font hinting to "None" and leave the rest of the options as default.
2. Paste the following into a new file entitled "/etc/fonts/conf.d/lcd-legacy.conf":
{{{
<fontconfig>
<edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign"><const>legacy</const></edit>
</fontconfig>
}}}
3. Install any fonts you commonly use on Mac OS X. (Note: the Microsoft Core Fonts - which are commonly used in Office documents and online - can be installed using Add/Remove Programs).
4. Enjoy!

[[Anchor(touchpadtweaks)]]
== More touchpad tweaks ==

To enable touchpad scrolling/tapping/right-click:

You will need to edit the xorg.conf file (in /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

'''For more information than is available below, read {{{man synaptics}}}!'''

Replace the Synaptics Touchpad InputDevice section with the following:
* Basic device definition layout:
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
'''...insert other options from below here...'''
EndSection
}}}
* General options affecting the touchpad edge areas, speed, touch sensitivity, etc. Note that if not using edge scrolling, the edge boundaries can probably be decreased but the edge offsets will need to be reasonable (as below?) if edge scrolling is being used.:
{{{
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
}}}
* Options affecting taps for button clicks:
Buttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the left, middle and right mouse buttons respectively. If you set the values to 0, the method will be disabled. The ''TapButton'' options are for one, two or three finger taps. The ''CornerButton'' options are for one finger taps in the right-top (''RT''), right-bottom (''RB''), left-top (''LT'') and left-bottom (''LB'') corners of the touchpad. Generally you will want to use either corner taps or multi-finger taps, not both.
* Multi-finger taps
The following example uses a one-finger tap for left-click, a two-finger tap for right-click and a three-finger tap for middle-click (and the physical button can still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
}}}
* One-finger corner taps
The following example uses the right-bottom corner for middle-click and left-bottom corner for right-click (and the physical button is still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
}}}
* Options affecting scrolling:
You can either use edge scrolling or two-finger scrolling (as in Mac OS X) but you won't generally want to use both.
* Scrolling speed
The following options affect how far you have to move your finger across the touchpad to affect a scroll. Smaller values should make scrolling faster.
{{{
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
}}}
* Edge scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving a finger along an edge of the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
}}}
* Two-finger scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving two fingers horizontally or vertically over the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
}}}
* Additional useful information
* Firefox horizontal scrolling behavior
With two finger scrolling enabled, you will probably want to change Firefox's horizontal scrolling behavior. To do so, open Firefox, go to the URL "about:config", and change the following settings:
{{{
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action from 2 to 0
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines from -1 to 1
}}}
* Disable the touchpad temporarily while typing
It is useful to have the touchpad not use click or scroll events while you are typing. The information for this was found [http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2006/09/20/disable-touchpad-temporarily-when-typing/ here]. Make syndaemon start up by default each time you login, add it to the list of Startup Programs in System->Preferences->Sessions. Add the following command:
{{{
syndaemon -t -d
}}}

'''Restart X for changes to take effect with Ctrl-Alt-Backspace'''

=== Examples ===
* Example 1
With the following settings, two finger scrolling is enabled as in Mac OS X. Right-click is done by tapping the bottom-left corner of the touchpad, and middle-click is done by tapping the bottom-right corner of the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "0"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}
* Example 2
With the following settings the Synaptics Touchpad configuration should be closer to Mac OS X. Right-click using a two-finger tap and scroll by moving two fingers across the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "10"
Option "RightEdge" "1200"
Option "TopEdge" "10"
Option "BottomEdge" "370"
Option "FingerLow" "10"
Option "FingerHigh" "20"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}

== DVI Output (gutsy) ==
[http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_6.06.1_on_a_ThinkPad_R60e#Ubuntu_7.10_with_Intel_Graphics_Media_Accelerator_950 These instructions] worked perfectly for setting DVI output on my MacBook.

[http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/11/25/extended-video-on-the-macbook-xrandr-ftw/ extended display] - These instructions worked for me. A little more to the point than the above link.

Warning: Screen and Graphics Preferences is currently dangerous. It completely broke my /etc/X11/xorg.conf on my first reconfiguration attempt.

== Misc ==
This is useful if you already have too many partitions on your macbook and want to put the swap file directly on the main / partition.
{{{
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
edit fstab:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
}}}

Note: You can use suspend on disk with a swapfile. To do that we have to add an option passed to the kernel. Add the resume=/dev/<partition> resume_offset=<offset to the swapfile in blocks> :
{{{
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile
#output : First block: 102300
}}}
Copy the first block number of the swapfile (ex:102300) and edit the defoptions line of /boot/grub/menu.lst :
{{{
# defoptions=quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3 resume_offset=102300
}}}
The update your grub configuration :
{{{
sudo update-grub
}}}
On this example, the swapfile is on partition /dev/sda3.
You are now able to use suspend on disk (hibernate).

----
References:
* [http://www.apple.com/macbook/ Apple - MacBook]
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/UbuntuOnApple Ubuntu on Apple - Mac Mini]
* [http://bin-false.org/?p=17 /bin/false –help » Installing Ubuntu Linux on a MacBook (Dual Boot)]
* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/ Mactel: Linux on the MacBook Pro]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=198453 Ubuntu on MacBook Pro - Ubuntu Forums]
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookProFeisty (k)ubuntu fiesty 7.04 on a MacBookPro]
* [http://www.mactel-linux.org/wiki/Dual_Booting Dual Booting - Mactel-Linux]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=225621 Built-in iSight Howto, Intel Mac ( iMac, Macbook ) - Ubuntu Forums]
* [http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/08/02/installing-ubuntu-on-a-macbook-tutorial-beta/ Nearly Complete Installation Tutorial]

* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/suspend2/ suspend2]
CategoryCleanup CategoryAudio

Macbook

2008-05-24T14:08:39Z

Carsses: Instrucciones báscias I (Traduccion)

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

----

= Como instalar Ubuntu en un Macbook =

Esta guía le ayudará con los pasos necesarios para la instalación de Ubuntu en un MacBook. Esta guía ha sido realizada para Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), pero está siendo adaptada para Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy heron).

Si tienes un MacBook Pro te recomendamos que veas esta otra guía: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookPro, tenga en cuenta que es casi todo igual , aunque esta página es tambien relevante.

Si tienes el nuevo Macbook (Santa Rosa v3.1) veer esta guía: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook_Santa_Rosa

Para la discusión adicional de este asunto, vea: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=1699961

Para una guía de tripe arranque vea: http://wiki.onmac.net/index.php/Triple_Boot_via_BootCamp_Ubuntu

'''
Las instrucciones abajo se refieren a la aplicación BootCamp de Apple que está disponible de forma pública excepto si usas Leopard Mac OS X 10.5. Otra opción, sin embargo, es redimensionar la partición Mac OS X utilizando las utilidades de disco o reinstalar Mac Os X haciendo más pequeña la partición de Mac OS X, dejando el espacion libre necesario para Ubuntu'''

== Instrucciones básicas ==
1. Actualizar el software de tu sistema Mac Os X [http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/ firmware] a la versión más reciente. Tambien puede hacerlo de la manera estandard pulsando en la manzana y luego "Actualización de software" (Accesible desde el escritorio de su sistema Mac OS X)
2. Get your Ubuntu [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download Live CD] ready. For older MacBooks you must select `i386`; for Core 2 Duo MacBooks (post 2006) you can select `amd64` if you're interested in running a 64-bit OS, otherwise `i386` may be selected.
3. Install [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt] if you want a boot menu (to select between OS X/Ubuntu) to appear on every boot. You can make Ubuntu boot by default and change the menu timeout by editing the "refit.conf" file (described on the above website).
4. If necessary, use Boot Camp to resize your OSX partition and make space for Ubuntu. Don't waste a CD creating a Windows driver disk. Reboot.
5. Hold down "C" to boot from the CD.
6. Install Ubuntu as usual, except:
* In the partitioner, select ''Manually edit partition table''
* Delete /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda4 if they exist
* Create a new ext3 partition for your root
* Mount the newly created ext3 partition on '/'
* Note that Boot Camp will cause problems if you make more than two partitions in total.
7. Finish the install and reboot.
8. If you installed rEFIt, you should have a choice between booting OS X and Ubuntu. Use the arrow keys and Enter to select Ubuntu.
9. Alternatively, if you did not install rEFIt, hold down Alt/Option to choose whether to boot into OSX / Ubuntu. The Boot Camp-installed boot menu will recognize the Ubuntu installation as "Windows," but will boot Ubuntu normally regardless.
10. Log in to your system.
11. Follow the instructions below to set up the various hardware components that don't work out-of-the-box on Gutsy.

== Sound ==

Sound on MacBooks is provided by an Intel HDA-based integrated chipset, and should work out-of-the-box. However, in Ubuntu 8.04 alsa drivers 1.0.15 will not work with some chipsets, like SigmaTel STAC9221. In such cases everything seems to work fine but no sound is present (even unmuting all controls). Alsa drivers 1.0.16 should work fine, to install them:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) module-assistant alsa-source
sudo dpkg-reconfigure alsa-source
sudo module-assistant a-i alsa-source
}}}

This may disable Madwifi drivers for the wireless card, hence you want to compile alsa first.

The volume control will not work correctly out-of-the-box - in particular, reducing the default volume will result in sound distortion at lower volume levels, and volume control changes won't effect the headphone volume level.

To fix this, do the following

1. Add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base:
{{{
install snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-hda-intel $CMDLINE_OPTS && /lib/alsa/modprobe-post-install snd-hda-intel
}}}

2. Increase the volume (both using the key combination and the system tray applet) to its maximum possible value.

3. Right-click on the volume applet and choose Preferences. Select "PCM" as the device to control.

4. Open the Sound preferences (System-Preferences-Sound in GNOME). Select "PCM" as the device to control.

The above setting changes (step 3 and 4) can be done via the command line using these two gconftool-2 commands:
{{{
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/sound/default_mixer_tracks [PCM]
gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/panel/applets/mixer_screen0/prefs/active-track PCM
}}}

Step 1. may be necessary in Hardy even if you don't appreciate this issue.

== Microphone ==

The built-in iSight microphone (above the LCD screen) will not record out of the box, but is really easy to get working. The steps that I took to get the microphone working were:

1. right-click on the volume applet and select "Open Volume Control".

2. within the volume control application select "Edit > Preferences".

3. select "Mux" and "Input Source" at the bottom of the list, and close.

4. select the "Recording" tab and set "Mux" at about 1/3 full volume (higher results in static).

5. make sure mic is unmuted!

6. select the "Options" tab and select "Mic" as the input source.

note: the only options I have checked in "Edit > Preferences" (step 2 above) are: PCM, Input source, and Mux.

The above settings, minus the 1/3 volume level setting, can be toggled using the below commands:

{{{
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerMux --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerPCM --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerInputSource --type bool 1
}}}

== Wireless ==

If you have a first generation MacBook (Core Duo) then your wireless should just start working, though you may want to update to the latest version as illustrated below for better power efficiency and signal strength. Second generation Mac``Books (Core 2 Duo) have a newer version of the Atheros Wifi chipset which requires the installation of the latest Atheros Mad``Wifi drivers. [https://bugs.launchpad.net/madwifi/+bug/122703 bug #122703]

Please note that the current Mad``Wifi drivers depend on a proprietary binary, the Atheros HAL, and therefore are not open-source software. A free software implementation, [http://madwifi.org/wiki/About/OpenHAL OpenHAL], is currently being developed by the Madwifi devs, but unfortunately it does not support the Atheros chipset in the MacBooks yet.

The following commands compile and install the prerelease Mad``Wifi driver, insert it into the kernel, and disable background scanning for better stability. For installation, you can choose to use daily snapshots or Subversion.

Using daily snapshots:
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake
wget http://snapshots.madwifi.org/madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
tar -zxvf madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
cd madwifi-trunk-r*
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

Alternatively, using Subversion (be patient with the checkout, it may take a while):
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake
svn co http://svn.madwifi.org/madwifi/trunk madwifi
cd madwifi
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

At this point the driver should be installed and will be enabled after a reboot. Alternatively, you can skip the reboot and use the following commands to insert the driver into the running kernel:
{{{
sudo modprobe ath_pci
sudo iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0
}}}

Additionally, the Mad``Wifi drivers are sometimes unstable under certain circumstances when using the standard NetworkManager tool for managing networks. Because of these reasons, you may want to disable the drivers if you aren't using wireless. To do this, edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file and add "blacklist ath_pci" at the bottom. Additionally, you can deselect the Atheros HAL in the Restricted Manager (System-Administration-Restricted Drivers Manager).

To disallow replacement of just installed modules by installing linux-restricted-modules package update you can edit /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common and insert ath_hal into DISABLED_MODULES list:
{{{
sudo sed -i~ -e 's/^$DISABLED_MODULES="$$.*"$/\1ath_hal \2/' -e 's/ "$/"/' /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common
}}}

More information can be obtained at
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo

If you need to connect to a channel that's not allowed in the regulatory domain in which you bought your laptop, you'll need to follow these instructions: http://tumbleweed.org.za/2008/02/11/madwifi-regdomain-issues

=== Ndiswrapper ===
If you instead want to use ndiswrapper to use the Windows wireless drivers on Ubuntu (only for 32-bit) these are the instructions:

You have to have the XP drivers on your hard disk. If you don't have a Windows XP installation on an alternate partition, you can get the drivers from the Boot Camp driver disk. The drivers from the Boot Camp disk can be uncompressed using the non-free unrar in the multiverse repository:
* Enable multiverse ( see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu )
* Install the packages {{{rar unrar}}} (actually only unrar is truly necessary)
* Uncompress the Windows XP Atheros driver installer:

{{{
mkdir ~/atheros
unrar x atherosxpinstaller.exe ~/atheros/
}}}

* Install the atheros drivers using ndiswrapper:
{{{
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8

#install the driver into ndiswrapper:
sudo ndiswrapper -i "~/atheros/net5416.inf"
#--or--
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
sudo ndiswrapper -i "/mnt/Program Files/Macintosh Drivers for Windows XP 1.1.2/net5416/net5416.inf"

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo echo >> /etc/modules "ndiswrapper"
sudo umount /mnt
}}}

Reference: http://paulglover.net/20061210/triple-booting-macbook-os-x-ubuntu-edgy-windows-xp/

=== Wicd ===

In order to fix the wireless for the most recent Linux kernels, you may want to install wicd (http://wicd.net) instead of using network-manager. Follow the instructions for installation on Ubuntu on their website, then use these preferences:

WPA Supplicant Driver: wext
Wireless Interface: ath0
Wired Interface: eth0

All of the rest should not matter, except for your specific network settings, you should just leave them alone.

== Brightness ==

Brightness controls should work out-of-the box using HAL and GNOME Power Manager in Ubuntu 7.10. However, there are a few issues with automatic dimming. In particular, the automatic dimming feature actually *brightens* the MacBook screen when on AC, and on battery it brightens the screen if the screen brightness has been adjusted to a value below the standard level for battery power. This is documented in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/137598 #137598] and [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/63543 #63543].

Due to these issues, you may want to disable auto-dimming. This can be done by opening the Gconf Editor (gconf-editor in a Terminal will open it), and unchecking the key "enable" in "apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight". If at a later time you want to re-enable this feature (i.e. if the bug is fixed in a future update) simply return to this key and check it instead of unchecking it.

** Easy fix for Macbook Pro Gutsy

I simply went into System > Preferences > Power Management
1) I unchecked "Dim Display when idle"
2) In the "On Battery Power" tab, uncheck "Dim Display when idle"
3) in the "General" tab, uncheck "use ambient light to adjust LCD brightness" <<-- This seems to be the main problem, but I kept the other two unchecked just to be sure ;-)

== Suspend ==

Suspend is broken in Ubuntu 7.10 on many first-generation MacBooks as well as some later-generation MacBooks and MacBook Pros [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/151016 #151016]. In particular, these machines will go into suspend, but will not come out of suspend. This is because the 32bit kernel supplied with 7.10 has some issues which prevent this from working (the x86_64 kernel works correctly out of the box). To fix this you will have to download an older version of the Linux kernel that is known to work. The latest known version to work is 2.6.22-12, which you can download by installing the packages at the locations pointed to below. Be sure to install them in the order as they appear here.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-image-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.32
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22.4-12.3

After installing, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default=0 line to default=2 (if the newly-installed kernel is the third listed in the menu.lst file, which it should be when installed on a stock Gutsy install).

Restart your MacBook for the update to take effect. You will have to reinstall any wireless drivers you may have installed in the past.

Alternatively, users who prefer a newer kernel to an older one can install the 2.6.24 kernel packages from the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 release by adding the hardy repositories to their software sources:
{{{
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
}}}
Note: These should not replace the existing gutsy sources, but should be in addition to them. See the Repositories Howto for more information.

Once the new repositories have been added, and the package list reloaded, installing the new linux-generic should get all the necessary kernel packages from hardy, including linux-image, linux-ubuntu-modules, and linux-restricted-modules. Once the new packages are installed, disable (but don't remove) the hardy repositories, so that upgrades using apt or synaptic don't result in a complete upgrade to hardy. The user can periodically re-enable these repositories in order to check for updated kernel packages.

Rebooting into the new kernel ''should'' result in a perfectly suspending MacBook.

On my Macbook (2007), I need to edit /etc/default/acpi-support in the following way:

- change POST_VIDEO=true into POST_VIDEO=false

- Add sky2 in the modules to be removed before suspend and reloaded after: MODULES="sky2"

Note: on my MacBook (2nd gen: Nov 2006), using the hardy kernel as explained above, no change to /etc/default/acpi-support was required.

== Whining noise ==

In order to fix the whining noise that some MacBooks make, you need to install the iSight firmware. To install the iSight firmware, follow the steps listed below under "iSight". After installing the firmware and restarting, your MacBook should be whine-free.

Note: The above does not always work. In that case, add the following to /etc/init.d/acpid before exit 0.
{{{
echo 2 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/max_cstate
}}}

== Fonts & Desktop Effects ==

When using desktop effects (which are enabled by default on most MacBooks), the fonts used for menu bar titles will sometimes be larger than normal. This issue is described in detail in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/141001 #141001].

To fix this, in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf change:

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0
}}}

to

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0 -dpi 96
}}}

Restart X for this to take effect.

== iSight ==

The iSight is currently broken in Ubuntu Hardy, please see
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24/+bug/185634

iSight works on Gutsy as long as you either 1) boot OS X before booting Gutsy or 2) install the iSight firmware in Gutsy.
To install the iSight firmware, perform the following steps, substituting your Mac OS X partition for sda2 and your kernel for 2.6.22-14-generic. Please note that you need a Mac OS X partition to extract the firmware.

{{{
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdax /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/* /lib/firmware/2.6.22-14-generic/
}}}

Also, in /etc/default/acpi-support, edit the line that begins with MODULES such that it reads:

{{{
MODULES="isight_usb"
}}}

Restart for this to take effect. Once the firmware is functional, the iSight may be used with the "ekiga" program.

To install prerequisites and launch Ekiga (Ekiga may also be launched through the menus), do the following:

{{{
sudo apt-get install ekiga libpt-plugins-v4l2
ekiga
}}}

1. Configuration. You may have to select the iSight device. Edit > Preferences > Devices > Video Devices >
1. Video plugin: V4L2
1. Input device: Built-in iSight

If you want to use it in 640x480 mode, then:

{{{
gconftool-2 --type integer --set /apps/ekiga/devices/video/size 1
}}}

== Minimum Fan Speed ==

To set a minimum fan speed which may help your MacBook run cooler. Substitute your speed of choice (in RPM) for 3000 if you wish.

First you need to load the appropriate module:
{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}
then add the following line to /etc/init.d/acpid just before the exit statement:
{{{
echo 3000 > /sys/devices/platform/applesmc.768/fan1_min
}}}

== Reducing Power Consumption ==

PowerTOP is a program that monitors a Linux system and gives suggestions on reducing power consumption. To install PowerTOP, enter this command in a terminal:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
wget -c http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/download/powertop-1.9.tar.gz
tar -xvf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
cd powertop-1.9
sudo make
sudo make install
}}}

You can also use “checkinstall” instead of “make install” to create a simple .deb for easier removal.

PowerTOP must always be run as root, so use the following command to run it:

{{{
sudo powertop
}}}

== Reducing Drive Load/Unload Cycles ==

My Second Generation (C2D) MacBook is susceptible to a high load/unload cycle count on the hard drive. This is a workaround to lower the drive cycles and extend the drive life. Generate the following three files using the commands below:

{{{
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

Add execute permissions to the files:

{{{
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

To have these changes take effect immediately (without requiring a reboot):

{{{
sudo hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
}}}

See [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/acpi-support/+bug/59695 this bug] for more details.

note: this is Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy" on the Second Generation (C2D) MacBook. I have not tested on previous releases or other models.

== Right/Middle Clicking ==

There are two main approaches to right/middle clicking:
* Two/three finger taps via the synaptics touchpad driver by editing xorg.conf
* Remapping the functions of keys on the keyboard by editing system keyboard layouts or using xmodmap and a local configuration file

=== Multi-finger taps ===
See [#touchpadtweaks More touchpad tweaks].

=== Keyboard keys ===
Enable mouse emulation:
* On Ubuntu: Go to '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard ▸ Accessibility''' in the Main menu. Check '''Enable keyboard accessibility features'''. Click the ''Mouse Keys'' tab and check '''Enable Mouse Keys''' also.
* On Kubuntu: bring up ''System Settings'', find ''Keyboard & Mouse'', choose ''Mouse'' on the left, than the ''Mouse Navigation'' tab, and check the checkbox beside ''Move pointer with keyboard (using the num pad)''. Please note that on Kubuntu you will lose your numpad.
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Mouse Settings''' and on the '''Accessibility''' tab, enable the '''Enable mouse emulation''' check box.
Then '''either''' edit the system files '''or''' use a local configuration file and xmodmap:
* Editing system files (choose '''one''' of the following options):
* '''option 1:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Shift + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* '''option 2:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Alt Gr key + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* Using xmodmap and a local configuration file to override the system-wide layouts:
* The keycodes for relevant keys are:
* right Apple - keycode 116
* lower enter - keycode 108
* The keysyms for relevant input events are:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* Middle-click - Pointer_Button2
* Right-click - Pointer_Button3
* Create a text file as ~/.xmodmap containing the following text:
('''Note''': for my set up I use left Apple as Alt Gr, right Apple as middle-click and lower enter as right-click. If you want to use right Apple as Alt Gr then you may need to rethink your keys for clicks assignments.)
{{{
keycode 116 = Pointer_Button2
keycode 108 = Pointer_Button3
}}}
* Add a call to xmodmap to your startup applications:
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Autostarted Applications''', click the '''Add''' button, fill in the '''Name''' and '''Description''' fields and put the following into the '''Command''' field:
{{{
xmodmap ~/.xmodmap
}}}
Then click '''OK''' and '''Close'''.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

== Motion Sensor ==

The motion sensor doesn't support disk parking yet ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/139881 bug #139881]), but you can play physical neverball :-)

{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}

Then fire up neverball... (or any other game that uses a joystick)

== Keyboard layouts ==

(Xubuntu 7.10 UK MacBook) There are some MacBook / MacBook Pro keyboard models defined in xkb, however, I have found that the Apple Laptop model with layout as ''gb'' (for my UK MacBook) and variant as ''mac'' with the xmodmap configuration as below. Maybe this approach will work well for others.

To make the keyboard usable, for an international keyboard layout:
## TODO cjwatson 2007-03-27: is this still required in Ubuntu 7.04? Changes like this won't be preserved on upgrade any more, so aren't recommended.

* The GUI way:
Bring up the ''Keyboard Preferences'' window with '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard''' from the Main menu. Click on the '''Keyboard Layout Options''' tab, and find '''Third level choosers'''. Mark the ''right Win key'' as third level chooser. Now your right Apple key works as Alt Gr.
* The console way, editing system files:
* Alt Gr for right Apple key
{{{
sudo sed -i~ '/xkb_symbols "ralt_switch" {/a\ include "level3(rwin_switch)"' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/level3
}}}
* Fix swapped keys
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/ <LSGT> = 94;/ <LSGT> = 49;\n <TLDE> = 94;/' /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/xfree86
}}}
* The console way, using xmodmap and a local configuration file:
* keycodes for relevant keys:
* left Apple - keycode 115
* right Apple - keycode 116
* § or ± (UK MacBook key beneath escape) - keycode 49
* ` or ~ (UK MacBook key left of z) - keycode 94
* keysyms for relevant characters/functions:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* § or ± - section plusminus
* ` or ~ - grave tilde
* To fix the swapped keys and make left Apple equivalent to Alt Gr, edit a text file at ~/.xmodmap (create it if it doesn't exist) adding the following lines:
{{{
keycode 115 = ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 49 = section plusminus
keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
}}}
Then add {{{xmodmap ~/.xmodmap}}} to your start up.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

To swap the fn key behaviour:
{{{
#Add one of these commands to /etc/rc.local
echo -n 0x01 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN on (like OSX)
echo -n 0x02 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN off (press fn for volume/brightness/etc)
}}}

== Screen Colors (optional) ==
To calibrate the screen colors (in order to match OS X), you need to install ''xcalib''. This isn't available in the Ubuntu repositories, so you'll have to download it.

Go to http://www.etg.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/web/doe/xcalib/ and (if you are running `i386`) download the newest Linux binary; save it to the Desktop. (If you are running `amd64`, you'll need to compile it from source; make sure to install `libxxf86vm-dev` and `libxext-dev` first, and then simply `make xcalib` in the extracted source directory. Take the resulting `xcalib` binary and continue with these instructions.)

To install and configure it, you will need to do a few things in the terminal and mount a Mac OS X partition (to copy your color profile) as follows (substitute your Mac OS partition's partition number for 2 in /dev/sda2, 2 being the first standard partition):
{{{
sudo mv ~/Desktop/xcalib /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/* /usr/local/etc
}}}
Then, do an "ls /usr/local/etc" and note the name of the profile (for the next step).

Finally, add the following line to the end of either `/etc/gdm/Init/Default` (for standard Ubuntu/Gnome) or `/etc/kde3/kdm/Xsetup` (for Kubuntu/KDE), before the final "exit" statement:
{{{
/usr/local/bin/xcalib "/usr/local/etc/<insert name of profile here>"
}}}

Restart X (Ctrl-Alt-Backspace) and your Mac OS X color profile will load as X starts.

== Fonts like Mac OS X (optional) ==

By default, Ubuntu uses a style of font rendering different than that used on Mac OS X. You may prefer fonts similar to those on Mac OS X, and you can have these on Ubuntu by doing the following:

1. Open a terminal and do "sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config". Set font hinting to "None" and leave the rest of the options as default.
2. Paste the following into a new file entitled "/etc/fonts/conf.d/lcd-legacy.conf":
{{{
<fontconfig>
<edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign"><const>legacy</const></edit>
</fontconfig>
}}}
3. Install any fonts you commonly use on Mac OS X. (Note: the Microsoft Core Fonts - which are commonly used in Office documents and online - can be installed using Add/Remove Programs).
4. Enjoy!

[[Anchor(touchpadtweaks)]]
== More touchpad tweaks ==

To enable touchpad scrolling/tapping/right-click:

You will need to edit the xorg.conf file (in /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

'''For more information than is available below, read {{{man synaptics}}}!'''

Replace the Synaptics Touchpad InputDevice section with the following:
* Basic device definition layout:
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
'''...insert other options from below here...'''
EndSection
}}}
* General options affecting the touchpad edge areas, speed, touch sensitivity, etc. Note that if not using edge scrolling, the edge boundaries can probably be decreased but the edge offsets will need to be reasonable (as below?) if edge scrolling is being used.:
{{{
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
}}}
* Options affecting taps for button clicks:
Buttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the left, middle and right mouse buttons respectively. If you set the values to 0, the method will be disabled. The ''TapButton'' options are for one, two or three finger taps. The ''CornerButton'' options are for one finger taps in the right-top (''RT''), right-bottom (''RB''), left-top (''LT'') and left-bottom (''LB'') corners of the touchpad. Generally you will want to use either corner taps or multi-finger taps, not both.
* Multi-finger taps
The following example uses a one-finger tap for left-click, a two-finger tap for right-click and a three-finger tap for middle-click (and the physical button can still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
}}}
* One-finger corner taps
The following example uses the right-bottom corner for middle-click and left-bottom corner for right-click (and the physical button is still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
}}}
* Options affecting scrolling:
You can either use edge scrolling or two-finger scrolling (as in Mac OS X) but you won't generally want to use both.
* Scrolling speed
The following options affect how far you have to move your finger across the touchpad to affect a scroll. Smaller values should make scrolling faster.
{{{
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
}}}
* Edge scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving a finger along an edge of the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
}}}
* Two-finger scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving two fingers horizontally or vertically over the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
}}}
* Additional useful information
* Firefox horizontal scrolling behavior
With two finger scrolling enabled, you will probably want to change Firefox's horizontal scrolling behavior. To do so, open Firefox, go to the URL "about:config", and change the following settings:
{{{
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action from 2 to 0
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines from -1 to 1
}}}
* Disable the touchpad temporarily while typing
It is useful to have the touchpad not use click or scroll events while you are typing. The information for this was found [http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2006/09/20/disable-touchpad-temporarily-when-typing/ here]. Make syndaemon start up by default each time you login, add it to the list of Startup Programs in System->Preferences->Sessions. Add the following command:
{{{
syndaemon -t -d
}}}

'''Restart X for changes to take effect with Ctrl-Alt-Backspace'''

=== Examples ===
* Example 1
With the following settings, two finger scrolling is enabled as in Mac OS X. Right-click is done by tapping the bottom-left corner of the touchpad, and middle-click is done by tapping the bottom-right corner of the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "0"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}
* Example 2
With the following settings the Synaptics Touchpad configuration should be closer to Mac OS X. Right-click using a two-finger tap and scroll by moving two fingers across the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "10"
Option "RightEdge" "1200"
Option "TopEdge" "10"
Option "BottomEdge" "370"
Option "FingerLow" "10"
Option "FingerHigh" "20"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}

== DVI Output (gutsy) ==
[http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_6.06.1_on_a_ThinkPad_R60e#Ubuntu_7.10_with_Intel_Graphics_Media_Accelerator_950 These instructions] worked perfectly for setting DVI output on my MacBook.

[http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/11/25/extended-video-on-the-macbook-xrandr-ftw/ extended display] - These instructions worked for me. A little more to the point than the above link.

Warning: Screen and Graphics Preferences is currently dangerous. It completely broke my /etc/X11/xorg.conf on my first reconfiguration attempt.

== Misc ==
This is useful if you already have too many partitions on your macbook and want to put the swap file directly on the main / partition.
{{{
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
edit fstab:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
}}}

Note: You can use suspend on disk with a swapfile. To do that we have to add an option passed to the kernel. Add the resume=/dev/<partition> resume_offset=<offset to the swapfile in blocks> :
{{{
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile
#output : First block: 102300
}}}
Copy the first block number of the swapfile (ex:102300) and edit the defoptions line of /boot/grub/menu.lst :
{{{
# defoptions=quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3 resume_offset=102300
}}}
The update your grub configuration :
{{{
sudo update-grub
}}}
On this example, the swapfile is on partition /dev/sda3.
You are now able to use suspend on disk (hibernate).

----
References:
* [http://www.apple.com/macbook/ Apple - MacBook]
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/UbuntuOnApple Ubuntu on Apple - Mac Mini]
* [http://bin-false.org/?p=17 /bin/false –help » Installing Ubuntu Linux on a MacBook (Dual Boot)]
* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/ Mactel: Linux on the MacBook Pro]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=198453 Ubuntu on MacBook Pro - Ubuntu Forums]
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookProFeisty (k)ubuntu fiesty 7.04 on a MacBookPro]
* [http://www.mactel-linux.org/wiki/Dual_Booting Dual Booting - Mactel-Linux]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=225621 Built-in iSight Howto, Intel Mac ( iMac, Macbook ) - Ubuntu Forums]
* [http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/08/02/installing-ubuntu-on-a-macbook-tutorial-beta/ Nearly Complete Installation Tutorial]

* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/suspend2/ suspend2]
CategoryCleanup CategoryAudio

Macbook

2008-05-24T14:01:27Z

Carsses: mas traducciones

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

----

= Como instalar Ubuntu en un Macbook =

Esta guía le ayudará con los pasos necesarios para la instalación de Ubuntu en un MacBook. Esta guía ha sido realizada para Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), pero está siendo adaptada para Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy heron).

Si tienes un MacBook Pro te recomendamos que veas esta otra guía: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookPro, tenga en cuenta que es casi todo igual , aunque esta página es tambien relevante.

Si tienes el nuevo Macbook (Santa Rosa v3.1) veer esta guía: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook_Santa_Rosa

Para la discusión adicional de este asunto, vea: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=1699961

Para una guía de tripe arranque vea: http://wiki.onmac.net/index.php/Triple_Boot_via_BootCamp_Ubuntu

'''
Las instrucciones abajo se refieren a la aplicación BootCamp de Apple que está disponible de forma pública excepto si usas Leopard Mac OS X 10.5. Otra opción, sin embargo, es redimensionar la partición Mac OS X utilizando las utilidades de disco o reinstalar Mac Os X haciendo más pequeña la partición de Mac OS X, dejando el espacion libre necesario para Ubuntu'''

== Instrucciones básicas ==
1. Update the [http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/ firmware] to the latest version. If you prefer, you may use the standard "Software Update" (accessible from your OS X partition, if you have one)
1. Get your Ubuntu [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download Live CD] ready. For older MacBooks you must select `i386`; for Core 2 Duo MacBooks (post 2006) you can select `amd64` if you're interested in running a 64-bit OS, otherwise `i386` may be selected.
1. Install [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt] if you want a boot menu (to select between OS X/Ubuntu) to appear on every boot. You can make Ubuntu boot by default and change the menu timeout by editing the "refit.conf" file (described on the above website).
1. If necessary, use Boot Camp to resize your OSX partition and make space for Ubuntu. Don't waste a CD creating a Windows driver disk. Reboot.
1. Hold down "C" to boot from the CD.
1. Install Ubuntu as usual, except:
* In the partitioner, select ''Manually edit partition table''
* Delete /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda4 if they exist
* Create a new ext3 partition for your root
* Mount the newly created ext3 partition on '/'
* Note that Boot Camp will cause problems if you make more than two partitions in total.
1. Finish the install and reboot.
1. If you installed rEFIt, you should have a choice between booting OS X and Ubuntu. Use the arrow keys and Enter to select Ubuntu.
1. Alternatively, if you did not install rEFIt, hold down Alt/Option to choose whether to boot into OSX / Ubuntu. The Boot Camp-installed boot menu will recognize the Ubuntu installation as "Windows," but will boot Ubuntu normally regardless.
1. Log in to your system.
1. Follow the instructions below to set up the various hardware components that don't work out-of-the-box on Gutsy.

== Sound ==

Sound on MacBooks is provided by an Intel HDA-based integrated chipset, and should work out-of-the-box. However, in Ubuntu 8.04 alsa drivers 1.0.15 will not work with some chipsets, like SigmaTel STAC9221. In such cases everything seems to work fine but no sound is present (even unmuting all controls). Alsa drivers 1.0.16 should work fine, to install them:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) module-assistant alsa-source
sudo dpkg-reconfigure alsa-source
sudo module-assistant a-i alsa-source
}}}

This may disable Madwifi drivers for the wireless card, hence you want to compile alsa first.

The volume control will not work correctly out-of-the-box - in particular, reducing the default volume will result in sound distortion at lower volume levels, and volume control changes won't effect the headphone volume level.

To fix this, do the following

1. Add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base:
{{{
install snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-hda-intel $CMDLINE_OPTS && /lib/alsa/modprobe-post-install snd-hda-intel
}}}

2. Increase the volume (both using the key combination and the system tray applet) to its maximum possible value.

3. Right-click on the volume applet and choose Preferences. Select "PCM" as the device to control.

4. Open the Sound preferences (System-Preferences-Sound in GNOME). Select "PCM" as the device to control.

The above setting changes (step 3 and 4) can be done via the command line using these two gconftool-2 commands:
{{{
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/sound/default_mixer_tracks [PCM]
gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/panel/applets/mixer_screen0/prefs/active-track PCM
}}}

Step 1. may be necessary in Hardy even if you don't appreciate this issue.

== Microphone ==

The built-in iSight microphone (above the LCD screen) will not record out of the box, but is really easy to get working. The steps that I took to get the microphone working were:

1. right-click on the volume applet and select "Open Volume Control".

2. within the volume control application select "Edit > Preferences".

3. select "Mux" and "Input Source" at the bottom of the list, and close.

4. select the "Recording" tab and set "Mux" at about 1/3 full volume (higher results in static).

5. make sure mic is unmuted!

6. select the "Options" tab and select "Mic" as the input source.

note: the only options I have checked in "Edit > Preferences" (step 2 above) are: PCM, Input source, and Mux.

The above settings, minus the 1/3 volume level setting, can be toggled using the below commands:

{{{
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerMux --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerPCM --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerInputSource --type bool 1
}}}

== Wireless ==

If you have a first generation MacBook (Core Duo) then your wireless should just start working, though you may want to update to the latest version as illustrated below for better power efficiency and signal strength. Second generation Mac``Books (Core 2 Duo) have a newer version of the Atheros Wifi chipset which requires the installation of the latest Atheros Mad``Wifi drivers. [https://bugs.launchpad.net/madwifi/+bug/122703 bug #122703]

Please note that the current Mad``Wifi drivers depend on a proprietary binary, the Atheros HAL, and therefore are not open-source software. A free software implementation, [http://madwifi.org/wiki/About/OpenHAL OpenHAL], is currently being developed by the Madwifi devs, but unfortunately it does not support the Atheros chipset in the MacBooks yet.

The following commands compile and install the prerelease Mad``Wifi driver, insert it into the kernel, and disable background scanning for better stability. For installation, you can choose to use daily snapshots or Subversion.

Using daily snapshots:
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake
wget http://snapshots.madwifi.org/madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
tar -zxvf madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
cd madwifi-trunk-r*
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

Alternatively, using Subversion (be patient with the checkout, it may take a while):
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake
svn co http://svn.madwifi.org/madwifi/trunk madwifi
cd madwifi
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

At this point the driver should be installed and will be enabled after a reboot. Alternatively, you can skip the reboot and use the following commands to insert the driver into the running kernel:
{{{
sudo modprobe ath_pci
sudo iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0
}}}

Additionally, the Mad``Wifi drivers are sometimes unstable under certain circumstances when using the standard NetworkManager tool for managing networks. Because of these reasons, you may want to disable the drivers if you aren't using wireless. To do this, edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file and add "blacklist ath_pci" at the bottom. Additionally, you can deselect the Atheros HAL in the Restricted Manager (System-Administration-Restricted Drivers Manager).

To disallow replacement of just installed modules by installing linux-restricted-modules package update you can edit /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common and insert ath_hal into DISABLED_MODULES list:
{{{
sudo sed -i~ -e 's/^$DISABLED_MODULES="$$.*"$/\1ath_hal \2/' -e 's/ "$/"/' /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common
}}}

More information can be obtained at
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo

If you need to connect to a channel that's not allowed in the regulatory domain in which you bought your laptop, you'll need to follow these instructions: http://tumbleweed.org.za/2008/02/11/madwifi-regdomain-issues

=== Ndiswrapper ===
If you instead want to use ndiswrapper to use the Windows wireless drivers on Ubuntu (only for 32-bit) these are the instructions:

You have to have the XP drivers on your hard disk. If you don't have a Windows XP installation on an alternate partition, you can get the drivers from the Boot Camp driver disk. The drivers from the Boot Camp disk can be uncompressed using the non-free unrar in the multiverse repository:
* Enable multiverse ( see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu )
* Install the packages {{{rar unrar}}} (actually only unrar is truly necessary)
* Uncompress the Windows XP Atheros driver installer:

{{{
mkdir ~/atheros
unrar x atherosxpinstaller.exe ~/atheros/
}}}

* Install the atheros drivers using ndiswrapper:
{{{
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8

#install the driver into ndiswrapper:
sudo ndiswrapper -i "~/atheros/net5416.inf"
#--or--
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
sudo ndiswrapper -i "/mnt/Program Files/Macintosh Drivers for Windows XP 1.1.2/net5416/net5416.inf"

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo echo >> /etc/modules "ndiswrapper"
sudo umount /mnt
}}}

Reference: http://paulglover.net/20061210/triple-booting-macbook-os-x-ubuntu-edgy-windows-xp/

=== Wicd ===

In order to fix the wireless for the most recent Linux kernels, you may want to install wicd (http://wicd.net) instead of using network-manager. Follow the instructions for installation on Ubuntu on their website, then use these preferences:

WPA Supplicant Driver: wext
Wireless Interface: ath0
Wired Interface: eth0

All of the rest should not matter, except for your specific network settings, you should just leave them alone.

== Brightness ==

Brightness controls should work out-of-the box using HAL and GNOME Power Manager in Ubuntu 7.10. However, there are a few issues with automatic dimming. In particular, the automatic dimming feature actually *brightens* the MacBook screen when on AC, and on battery it brightens the screen if the screen brightness has been adjusted to a value below the standard level for battery power. This is documented in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/137598 #137598] and [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/63543 #63543].

Due to these issues, you may want to disable auto-dimming. This can be done by opening the Gconf Editor (gconf-editor in a Terminal will open it), and unchecking the key "enable" in "apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight". If at a later time you want to re-enable this feature (i.e. if the bug is fixed in a future update) simply return to this key and check it instead of unchecking it.

** Easy fix for Macbook Pro Gutsy

I simply went into System > Preferences > Power Management
1) I unchecked "Dim Display when idle"
2) In the "On Battery Power" tab, uncheck "Dim Display when idle"
3) in the "General" tab, uncheck "use ambient light to adjust LCD brightness" <<-- This seems to be the main problem, but I kept the other two unchecked just to be sure ;-)

== Suspend ==

Suspend is broken in Ubuntu 7.10 on many first-generation MacBooks as well as some later-generation MacBooks and MacBook Pros [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/151016 #151016]. In particular, these machines will go into suspend, but will not come out of suspend. This is because the 32bit kernel supplied with 7.10 has some issues which prevent this from working (the x86_64 kernel works correctly out of the box). To fix this you will have to download an older version of the Linux kernel that is known to work. The latest known version to work is 2.6.22-12, which you can download by installing the packages at the locations pointed to below. Be sure to install them in the order as they appear here.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-image-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.32
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22.4-12.3

After installing, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default=0 line to default=2 (if the newly-installed kernel is the third listed in the menu.lst file, which it should be when installed on a stock Gutsy install).

Restart your MacBook for the update to take effect. You will have to reinstall any wireless drivers you may have installed in the past.

Alternatively, users who prefer a newer kernel to an older one can install the 2.6.24 kernel packages from the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 release by adding the hardy repositories to their software sources:
{{{
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
}}}
Note: These should not replace the existing gutsy sources, but should be in addition to them. See the Repositories Howto for more information.

Once the new repositories have been added, and the package list reloaded, installing the new linux-generic should get all the necessary kernel packages from hardy, including linux-image, linux-ubuntu-modules, and linux-restricted-modules. Once the new packages are installed, disable (but don't remove) the hardy repositories, so that upgrades using apt or synaptic don't result in a complete upgrade to hardy. The user can periodically re-enable these repositories in order to check for updated kernel packages.

Rebooting into the new kernel ''should'' result in a perfectly suspending MacBook.

On my Macbook (2007), I need to edit /etc/default/acpi-support in the following way:

- change POST_VIDEO=true into POST_VIDEO=false

- Add sky2 in the modules to be removed before suspend and reloaded after: MODULES="sky2"

Note: on my MacBook (2nd gen: Nov 2006), using the hardy kernel as explained above, no change to /etc/default/acpi-support was required.

== Whining noise ==

In order to fix the whining noise that some MacBooks make, you need to install the iSight firmware. To install the iSight firmware, follow the steps listed below under "iSight". After installing the firmware and restarting, your MacBook should be whine-free.

Note: The above does not always work. In that case, add the following to /etc/init.d/acpid before exit 0.
{{{
echo 2 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/max_cstate
}}}

== Fonts & Desktop Effects ==

When using desktop effects (which are enabled by default on most MacBooks), the fonts used for menu bar titles will sometimes be larger than normal. This issue is described in detail in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/141001 #141001].

To fix this, in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf change:

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0
}}}

to

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0 -dpi 96
}}}

Restart X for this to take effect.

== iSight ==

The iSight is currently broken in Ubuntu Hardy, please see
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24/+bug/185634

iSight works on Gutsy as long as you either 1) boot OS X before booting Gutsy or 2) install the iSight firmware in Gutsy.
To install the iSight firmware, perform the following steps, substituting your Mac OS X partition for sda2 and your kernel for 2.6.22-14-generic. Please note that you need a Mac OS X partition to extract the firmware.

{{{
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdax /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/* /lib/firmware/2.6.22-14-generic/
}}}

Also, in /etc/default/acpi-support, edit the line that begins with MODULES such that it reads:

{{{
MODULES="isight_usb"
}}}

Restart for this to take effect. Once the firmware is functional, the iSight may be used with the "ekiga" program.

To install prerequisites and launch Ekiga (Ekiga may also be launched through the menus), do the following:

{{{
sudo apt-get install ekiga libpt-plugins-v4l2
ekiga
}}}

1. Configuration. You may have to select the iSight device. Edit > Preferences > Devices > Video Devices >
1. Video plugin: V4L2
1. Input device: Built-in iSight

If you want to use it in 640x480 mode, then:

{{{
gconftool-2 --type integer --set /apps/ekiga/devices/video/size 1
}}}

== Minimum Fan Speed ==

To set a minimum fan speed which may help your MacBook run cooler. Substitute your speed of choice (in RPM) for 3000 if you wish.

First you need to load the appropriate module:
{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}
then add the following line to /etc/init.d/acpid just before the exit statement:
{{{
echo 3000 > /sys/devices/platform/applesmc.768/fan1_min
}}}

== Reducing Power Consumption ==

PowerTOP is a program that monitors a Linux system and gives suggestions on reducing power consumption. To install PowerTOP, enter this command in a terminal:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
wget -c http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/download/powertop-1.9.tar.gz
tar -xvf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
cd powertop-1.9
sudo make
sudo make install
}}}

You can also use “checkinstall” instead of “make install” to create a simple .deb for easier removal.

PowerTOP must always be run as root, so use the following command to run it:

{{{
sudo powertop
}}}

== Reducing Drive Load/Unload Cycles ==

My Second Generation (C2D) MacBook is susceptible to a high load/unload cycle count on the hard drive. This is a workaround to lower the drive cycles and extend the drive life. Generate the following three files using the commands below:

{{{
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

Add execute permissions to the files:

{{{
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

To have these changes take effect immediately (without requiring a reboot):

{{{
sudo hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
}}}

See [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/acpi-support/+bug/59695 this bug] for more details.

note: this is Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy" on the Second Generation (C2D) MacBook. I have not tested on previous releases or other models.

== Right/Middle Clicking ==

There are two main approaches to right/middle clicking:
* Two/three finger taps via the synaptics touchpad driver by editing xorg.conf
* Remapping the functions of keys on the keyboard by editing system keyboard layouts or using xmodmap and a local configuration file

=== Multi-finger taps ===
See [#touchpadtweaks More touchpad tweaks].

=== Keyboard keys ===
Enable mouse emulation:
* On Ubuntu: Go to '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard ▸ Accessibility''' in the Main menu. Check '''Enable keyboard accessibility features'''. Click the ''Mouse Keys'' tab and check '''Enable Mouse Keys''' also.
* On Kubuntu: bring up ''System Settings'', find ''Keyboard & Mouse'', choose ''Mouse'' on the left, than the ''Mouse Navigation'' tab, and check the checkbox beside ''Move pointer with keyboard (using the num pad)''. Please note that on Kubuntu you will lose your numpad.
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Mouse Settings''' and on the '''Accessibility''' tab, enable the '''Enable mouse emulation''' check box.
Then '''either''' edit the system files '''or''' use a local configuration file and xmodmap:
* Editing system files (choose '''one''' of the following options):
* '''option 1:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Shift + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* '''option 2:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Alt Gr key + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* Using xmodmap and a local configuration file to override the system-wide layouts:
* The keycodes for relevant keys are:
* right Apple - keycode 116
* lower enter - keycode 108
* The keysyms for relevant input events are:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* Middle-click - Pointer_Button2
* Right-click - Pointer_Button3
* Create a text file as ~/.xmodmap containing the following text:
('''Note''': for my set up I use left Apple as Alt Gr, right Apple as middle-click and lower enter as right-click. If you want to use right Apple as Alt Gr then you may need to rethink your keys for clicks assignments.)
{{{
keycode 116 = Pointer_Button2
keycode 108 = Pointer_Button3
}}}
* Add a call to xmodmap to your startup applications:
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Autostarted Applications''', click the '''Add''' button, fill in the '''Name''' and '''Description''' fields and put the following into the '''Command''' field:
{{{
xmodmap ~/.xmodmap
}}}
Then click '''OK''' and '''Close'''.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

== Motion Sensor ==

The motion sensor doesn't support disk parking yet ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/139881 bug #139881]), but you can play physical neverball :-)

{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}

Then fire up neverball... (or any other game that uses a joystick)

== Keyboard layouts ==

(Xubuntu 7.10 UK MacBook) There are some MacBook / MacBook Pro keyboard models defined in xkb, however, I have found that the Apple Laptop model with layout as ''gb'' (for my UK MacBook) and variant as ''mac'' with the xmodmap configuration as below. Maybe this approach will work well for others.

To make the keyboard usable, for an international keyboard layout:
## TODO cjwatson 2007-03-27: is this still required in Ubuntu 7.04? Changes like this won't be preserved on upgrade any more, so aren't recommended.

* The GUI way:
Bring up the ''Keyboard Preferences'' window with '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard''' from the Main menu. Click on the '''Keyboard Layout Options''' tab, and find '''Third level choosers'''. Mark the ''right Win key'' as third level chooser. Now your right Apple key works as Alt Gr.
* The console way, editing system files:
* Alt Gr for right Apple key
{{{
sudo sed -i~ '/xkb_symbols "ralt_switch" {/a\ include "level3(rwin_switch)"' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/level3
}}}
* Fix swapped keys
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/ <LSGT> = 94;/ <LSGT> = 49;\n <TLDE> = 94;/' /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/xfree86
}}}
* The console way, using xmodmap and a local configuration file:
* keycodes for relevant keys:
* left Apple - keycode 115
* right Apple - keycode 116
* § or ± (UK MacBook key beneath escape) - keycode 49
* ` or ~ (UK MacBook key left of z) - keycode 94
* keysyms for relevant characters/functions:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* § or ± - section plusminus
* ` or ~ - grave tilde
* To fix the swapped keys and make left Apple equivalent to Alt Gr, edit a text file at ~/.xmodmap (create it if it doesn't exist) adding the following lines:
{{{
keycode 115 = ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 49 = section plusminus
keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
}}}
Then add {{{xmodmap ~/.xmodmap}}} to your start up.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

To swap the fn key behaviour:
{{{
#Add one of these commands to /etc/rc.local
echo -n 0x01 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN on (like OSX)
echo -n 0x02 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN off (press fn for volume/brightness/etc)
}}}

== Screen Colors (optional) ==
To calibrate the screen colors (in order to match OS X), you need to install ''xcalib''. This isn't available in the Ubuntu repositories, so you'll have to download it.

Go to http://www.etg.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/web/doe/xcalib/ and (if you are running `i386`) download the newest Linux binary; save it to the Desktop. (If you are running `amd64`, you'll need to compile it from source; make sure to install `libxxf86vm-dev` and `libxext-dev` first, and then simply `make xcalib` in the extracted source directory. Take the resulting `xcalib` binary and continue with these instructions.)

To install and configure it, you will need to do a few things in the terminal and mount a Mac OS X partition (to copy your color profile) as follows (substitute your Mac OS partition's partition number for 2 in /dev/sda2, 2 being the first standard partition):
{{{
sudo mv ~/Desktop/xcalib /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/* /usr/local/etc
}}}
Then, do an "ls /usr/local/etc" and note the name of the profile (for the next step).

Finally, add the following line to the end of either `/etc/gdm/Init/Default` (for standard Ubuntu/Gnome) or `/etc/kde3/kdm/Xsetup` (for Kubuntu/KDE), before the final "exit" statement:
{{{
/usr/local/bin/xcalib "/usr/local/etc/<insert name of profile here>"
}}}

Restart X (Ctrl-Alt-Backspace) and your Mac OS X color profile will load as X starts.

== Fonts like Mac OS X (optional) ==

By default, Ubuntu uses a style of font rendering different than that used on Mac OS X. You may prefer fonts similar to those on Mac OS X, and you can have these on Ubuntu by doing the following:

1. Open a terminal and do "sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config". Set font hinting to "None" and leave the rest of the options as default.
2. Paste the following into a new file entitled "/etc/fonts/conf.d/lcd-legacy.conf":
{{{
<fontconfig>
<edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign"><const>legacy</const></edit>
</fontconfig>
}}}
3. Install any fonts you commonly use on Mac OS X. (Note: the Microsoft Core Fonts - which are commonly used in Office documents and online - can be installed using Add/Remove Programs).
4. Enjoy!

[[Anchor(touchpadtweaks)]]
== More touchpad tweaks ==

To enable touchpad scrolling/tapping/right-click:

You will need to edit the xorg.conf file (in /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

'''For more information than is available below, read {{{man synaptics}}}!'''

Replace the Synaptics Touchpad InputDevice section with the following:
* Basic device definition layout:
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
'''...insert other options from below here...'''
EndSection
}}}
* General options affecting the touchpad edge areas, speed, touch sensitivity, etc. Note that if not using edge scrolling, the edge boundaries can probably be decreased but the edge offsets will need to be reasonable (as below?) if edge scrolling is being used.:
{{{
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
}}}
* Options affecting taps for button clicks:
Buttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the left, middle and right mouse buttons respectively. If you set the values to 0, the method will be disabled. The ''TapButton'' options are for one, two or three finger taps. The ''CornerButton'' options are for one finger taps in the right-top (''RT''), right-bottom (''RB''), left-top (''LT'') and left-bottom (''LB'') corners of the touchpad. Generally you will want to use either corner taps or multi-finger taps, not both.
* Multi-finger taps
The following example uses a one-finger tap for left-click, a two-finger tap for right-click and a three-finger tap for middle-click (and the physical button can still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
}}}
* One-finger corner taps
The following example uses the right-bottom corner for middle-click and left-bottom corner for right-click (and the physical button is still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
}}}
* Options affecting scrolling:
You can either use edge scrolling or two-finger scrolling (as in Mac OS X) but you won't generally want to use both.
* Scrolling speed
The following options affect how far you have to move your finger across the touchpad to affect a scroll. Smaller values should make scrolling faster.
{{{
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
}}}
* Edge scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving a finger along an edge of the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
}}}
* Two-finger scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving two fingers horizontally or vertically over the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
}}}
* Additional useful information
* Firefox horizontal scrolling behavior
With two finger scrolling enabled, you will probably want to change Firefox's horizontal scrolling behavior. To do so, open Firefox, go to the URL "about:config", and change the following settings:
{{{
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action from 2 to 0
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines from -1 to 1
}}}
* Disable the touchpad temporarily while typing
It is useful to have the touchpad not use click or scroll events while you are typing. The information for this was found [http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2006/09/20/disable-touchpad-temporarily-when-typing/ here]. Make syndaemon start up by default each time you login, add it to the list of Startup Programs in System->Preferences->Sessions. Add the following command:
{{{
syndaemon -t -d
}}}

'''Restart X for changes to take effect with Ctrl-Alt-Backspace'''

=== Examples ===
* Example 1
With the following settings, two finger scrolling is enabled as in Mac OS X. Right-click is done by tapping the bottom-left corner of the touchpad, and middle-click is done by tapping the bottom-right corner of the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "0"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}
* Example 2
With the following settings the Synaptics Touchpad configuration should be closer to Mac OS X. Right-click using a two-finger tap and scroll by moving two fingers across the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "10"
Option "RightEdge" "1200"
Option "TopEdge" "10"
Option "BottomEdge" "370"
Option "FingerLow" "10"
Option "FingerHigh" "20"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}

== DVI Output (gutsy) ==
[http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_6.06.1_on_a_ThinkPad_R60e#Ubuntu_7.10_with_Intel_Graphics_Media_Accelerator_950 These instructions] worked perfectly for setting DVI output on my MacBook.

[http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/11/25/extended-video-on-the-macbook-xrandr-ftw/ extended display] - These instructions worked for me. A little more to the point than the above link.

Warning: Screen and Graphics Preferences is currently dangerous. It completely broke my /etc/X11/xorg.conf on my first reconfiguration attempt.

== Misc ==
This is useful if you already have too many partitions on your macbook and want to put the swap file directly on the main / partition.
{{{
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
edit fstab:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
}}}

Note: You can use suspend on disk with a swapfile. To do that we have to add an option passed to the kernel. Add the resume=/dev/<partition> resume_offset=<offset to the swapfile in blocks> :
{{{
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile
#output : First block: 102300
}}}
Copy the first block number of the swapfile (ex:102300) and edit the defoptions line of /boot/grub/menu.lst :
{{{
# defoptions=quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3 resume_offset=102300
}}}
The update your grub configuration :
{{{
sudo update-grub
}}}
On this example, the swapfile is on partition /dev/sda3.
You are now able to use suspend on disk (hibernate).

----
References:
* [http://www.apple.com/macbook/ Apple - MacBook]
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/UbuntuOnApple Ubuntu on Apple - Mac Mini]
* [http://bin-false.org/?p=17 /bin/false –help » Installing Ubuntu Linux on a MacBook (Dual Boot)]
* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/ Mactel: Linux on the MacBook Pro]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=198453 Ubuntu on MacBook Pro - Ubuntu Forums]
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookProFeisty (k)ubuntu fiesty 7.04 on a MacBookPro]
* [http://www.mactel-linux.org/wiki/Dual_Booting Dual Booting - Mactel-Linux]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=225621 Built-in iSight Howto, Intel Mac ( iMac, Macbook ) - Ubuntu Forums]
* [http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/08/02/installing-ubuntu-on-a-macbook-tutorial-beta/ Nearly Complete Installation Tutorial]

* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/suspend2/ suspend2]
CategoryCleanup CategoryAudio

Macbook

2008-05-24T13:35:32Z

Carsses: traducciendo

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

----

= Como instalar Ubuntu en un Macbook =

Esta guía le ayudará con los pasos necesarios para la instalación de Ubuntu en un MacBook. Esta guía ha sido realizada para Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), pero está siendo adaptada para Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy heron).

Si tienes un MacBook Pro te recomendamos que veas esta otra guía: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookPro, tenga en cuenta que es casi todo igual , aunque esta página es tambien relevante.

Si tienes el nuevo Macbook (Santa Rosa v3.1) veer esta guía: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook_Santa_Rosa

Para la discusión adicional de este asunto, vea: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=1699961

Para una guía de tripe arranque vea: http://wiki.onmac.net/index.php/Triple_Boot_via_BootCamp_Ubuntu

'''The instructions below refer to Apple's BootCamp application which is no longer publicly available unless you use / upgrade to OSX 10.5 Leopard. Another option, however, is to resize Mac OS X partition using ''diskutil'' or re-install Mac OS X from scratch and use Disk Utility to make a smaller Mac OS X partition, leaving free space for Ubuntu.'''

== Basic instructions ==
1. Update the [http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/ firmware] to the latest version. If you prefer, you may use the standard "Software Update" (accessible from your OS X partition, if you have one)
1. Get your Ubuntu [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download Live CD] ready. For older MacBooks you must select `i386`; for Core 2 Duo MacBooks (post 2006) you can select `amd64` if you're interested in running a 64-bit OS, otherwise `i386` may be selected.
1. Install [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt] if you want a boot menu (to select between OS X/Ubuntu) to appear on every boot. You can make Ubuntu boot by default and change the menu timeout by editing the "refit.conf" file (described on the above website).
1. If necessary, use Boot Camp to resize your OSX partition and make space for Ubuntu. Don't waste a CD creating a Windows driver disk. Reboot.
1. Hold down "C" to boot from the CD.
1. Install Ubuntu as usual, except:
* In the partitioner, select ''Manually edit partition table''
* Delete /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda4 if they exist
* Create a new ext3 partition for your root
* Mount the newly created ext3 partition on '/'
* Note that Boot Camp will cause problems if you make more than two partitions in total.
1. Finish the install and reboot.
1. If you installed rEFIt, you should have a choice between booting OS X and Ubuntu. Use the arrow keys and Enter to select Ubuntu.
1. Alternatively, if you did not install rEFIt, hold down Alt/Option to choose whether to boot into OSX / Ubuntu. The Boot Camp-installed boot menu will recognize the Ubuntu installation as "Windows," but will boot Ubuntu normally regardless.
1. Log in to your system.
1. Follow the instructions below to set up the various hardware components that don't work out-of-the-box on Gutsy.

== Sound ==

Sound on MacBooks is provided by an Intel HDA-based integrated chipset, and should work out-of-the-box. However, in Ubuntu 8.04 alsa drivers 1.0.15 will not work with some chipsets, like SigmaTel STAC9221. In such cases everything seems to work fine but no sound is present (even unmuting all controls). Alsa drivers 1.0.16 should work fine, to install them:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) module-assistant alsa-source
sudo dpkg-reconfigure alsa-source
sudo module-assistant a-i alsa-source
}}}

This may disable Madwifi drivers for the wireless card, hence you want to compile alsa first.

The volume control will not work correctly out-of-the-box - in particular, reducing the default volume will result in sound distortion at lower volume levels, and volume control changes won't effect the headphone volume level.

To fix this, do the following

1. Add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base:
{{{
install snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-hda-intel $CMDLINE_OPTS && /lib/alsa/modprobe-post-install snd-hda-intel
}}}

2. Increase the volume (both using the key combination and the system tray applet) to its maximum possible value.

3. Right-click on the volume applet and choose Preferences. Select "PCM" as the device to control.

4. Open the Sound preferences (System-Preferences-Sound in GNOME). Select "PCM" as the device to control.

The above setting changes (step 3 and 4) can be done via the command line using these two gconftool-2 commands:
{{{
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/sound/default_mixer_tracks [PCM]
gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/panel/applets/mixer_screen0/prefs/active-track PCM
}}}

Step 1. may be necessary in Hardy even if you don't appreciate this issue.

== Microphone ==

The built-in iSight microphone (above the LCD screen) will not record out of the box, but is really easy to get working. The steps that I took to get the microphone working were:

1. right-click on the volume applet and select "Open Volume Control".

2. within the volume control application select "Edit > Preferences".

3. select "Mux" and "Input Source" at the bottom of the list, and close.

4. select the "Recording" tab and set "Mux" at about 1/3 full volume (higher results in static).

5. make sure mic is unmuted!

6. select the "Options" tab and select "Mic" as the input source.

note: the only options I have checked in "Edit > Preferences" (step 2 above) are: PCM, Input source, and Mux.

The above settings, minus the 1/3 volume level setting, can be toggled using the below commands:

{{{
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerMux --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerPCM --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerInputSource --type bool 1
}}}

== Wireless ==

If you have a first generation MacBook (Core Duo) then your wireless should just start working, though you may want to update to the latest version as illustrated below for better power efficiency and signal strength. Second generation Mac``Books (Core 2 Duo) have a newer version of the Atheros Wifi chipset which requires the installation of the latest Atheros Mad``Wifi drivers. [https://bugs.launchpad.net/madwifi/+bug/122703 bug #122703]

Please note that the current Mad``Wifi drivers depend on a proprietary binary, the Atheros HAL, and therefore are not open-source software. A free software implementation, [http://madwifi.org/wiki/About/OpenHAL OpenHAL], is currently being developed by the Madwifi devs, but unfortunately it does not support the Atheros chipset in the MacBooks yet.

The following commands compile and install the prerelease Mad``Wifi driver, insert it into the kernel, and disable background scanning for better stability. For installation, you can choose to use daily snapshots or Subversion.

Using daily snapshots:
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake
wget http://snapshots.madwifi.org/madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
tar -zxvf madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
cd madwifi-trunk-r*
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

Alternatively, using Subversion (be patient with the checkout, it may take a while):
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake
svn co http://svn.madwifi.org/madwifi/trunk madwifi
cd madwifi
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

At this point the driver should be installed and will be enabled after a reboot. Alternatively, you can skip the reboot and use the following commands to insert the driver into the running kernel:
{{{
sudo modprobe ath_pci
sudo iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0
}}}

Additionally, the Mad``Wifi drivers are sometimes unstable under certain circumstances when using the standard NetworkManager tool for managing networks. Because of these reasons, you may want to disable the drivers if you aren't using wireless. To do this, edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file and add "blacklist ath_pci" at the bottom. Additionally, you can deselect the Atheros HAL in the Restricted Manager (System-Administration-Restricted Drivers Manager).

To disallow replacement of just installed modules by installing linux-restricted-modules package update you can edit /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common and insert ath_hal into DISABLED_MODULES list:
{{{
sudo sed -i~ -e 's/^$DISABLED_MODULES="$$.*"$/\1ath_hal \2/' -e 's/ "$/"/' /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common
}}}

More information can be obtained at
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo

If you need to connect to a channel that's not allowed in the regulatory domain in which you bought your laptop, you'll need to follow these instructions: http://tumbleweed.org.za/2008/02/11/madwifi-regdomain-issues

=== Ndiswrapper ===
If you instead want to use ndiswrapper to use the Windows wireless drivers on Ubuntu (only for 32-bit) these are the instructions:

You have to have the XP drivers on your hard disk. If you don't have a Windows XP installation on an alternate partition, you can get the drivers from the Boot Camp driver disk. The drivers from the Boot Camp disk can be uncompressed using the non-free unrar in the multiverse repository:
* Enable multiverse ( see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu )
* Install the packages {{{rar unrar}}} (actually only unrar is truly necessary)
* Uncompress the Windows XP Atheros driver installer:

{{{
mkdir ~/atheros
unrar x atherosxpinstaller.exe ~/atheros/
}}}

* Install the atheros drivers using ndiswrapper:
{{{
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8

#install the driver into ndiswrapper:
sudo ndiswrapper -i "~/atheros/net5416.inf"
#--or--
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
sudo ndiswrapper -i "/mnt/Program Files/Macintosh Drivers for Windows XP 1.1.2/net5416/net5416.inf"

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo echo >> /etc/modules "ndiswrapper"
sudo umount /mnt
}}}

Reference: http://paulglover.net/20061210/triple-booting-macbook-os-x-ubuntu-edgy-windows-xp/

=== Wicd ===

In order to fix the wireless for the most recent Linux kernels, you may want to install wicd (http://wicd.net) instead of using network-manager. Follow the instructions for installation on Ubuntu on their website, then use these preferences:

WPA Supplicant Driver: wext
Wireless Interface: ath0
Wired Interface: eth0

All of the rest should not matter, except for your specific network settings, you should just leave them alone.

== Brightness ==

Brightness controls should work out-of-the box using HAL and GNOME Power Manager in Ubuntu 7.10. However, there are a few issues with automatic dimming. In particular, the automatic dimming feature actually *brightens* the MacBook screen when on AC, and on battery it brightens the screen if the screen brightness has been adjusted to a value below the standard level for battery power. This is documented in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/137598 #137598] and [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/63543 #63543].

Due to these issues, you may want to disable auto-dimming. This can be done by opening the Gconf Editor (gconf-editor in a Terminal will open it), and unchecking the key "enable" in "apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight". If at a later time you want to re-enable this feature (i.e. if the bug is fixed in a future update) simply return to this key and check it instead of unchecking it.

** Easy fix for Macbook Pro Gutsy

I simply went into System > Preferences > Power Management
1) I unchecked "Dim Display when idle"
2) In the "On Battery Power" tab, uncheck "Dim Display when idle"
3) in the "General" tab, uncheck "use ambient light to adjust LCD brightness" <<-- This seems to be the main problem, but I kept the other two unchecked just to be sure ;-)

== Suspend ==

Suspend is broken in Ubuntu 7.10 on many first-generation MacBooks as well as some later-generation MacBooks and MacBook Pros [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/151016 #151016]. In particular, these machines will go into suspend, but will not come out of suspend. This is because the 32bit kernel supplied with 7.10 has some issues which prevent this from working (the x86_64 kernel works correctly out of the box). To fix this you will have to download an older version of the Linux kernel that is known to work. The latest known version to work is 2.6.22-12, which you can download by installing the packages at the locations pointed to below. Be sure to install them in the order as they appear here.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-image-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.32
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22.4-12.3

After installing, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default=0 line to default=2 (if the newly-installed kernel is the third listed in the menu.lst file, which it should be when installed on a stock Gutsy install).

Restart your MacBook for the update to take effect. You will have to reinstall any wireless drivers you may have installed in the past.

Alternatively, users who prefer a newer kernel to an older one can install the 2.6.24 kernel packages from the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 release by adding the hardy repositories to their software sources:
{{{
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
}}}
Note: These should not replace the existing gutsy sources, but should be in addition to them. See the Repositories Howto for more information.

Once the new repositories have been added, and the package list reloaded, installing the new linux-generic should get all the necessary kernel packages from hardy, including linux-image, linux-ubuntu-modules, and linux-restricted-modules. Once the new packages are installed, disable (but don't remove) the hardy repositories, so that upgrades using apt or synaptic don't result in a complete upgrade to hardy. The user can periodically re-enable these repositories in order to check for updated kernel packages.

Rebooting into the new kernel ''should'' result in a perfectly suspending MacBook.

On my Macbook (2007), I need to edit /etc/default/acpi-support in the following way:

- change POST_VIDEO=true into POST_VIDEO=false

- Add sky2 in the modules to be removed before suspend and reloaded after: MODULES="sky2"

Note: on my MacBook (2nd gen: Nov 2006), using the hardy kernel as explained above, no change to /etc/default/acpi-support was required.

== Whining noise ==

In order to fix the whining noise that some MacBooks make, you need to install the iSight firmware. To install the iSight firmware, follow the steps listed below under "iSight". After installing the firmware and restarting, your MacBook should be whine-free.

Note: The above does not always work. In that case, add the following to /etc/init.d/acpid before exit 0.
{{{
echo 2 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/max_cstate
}}}

== Fonts & Desktop Effects ==

When using desktop effects (which are enabled by default on most MacBooks), the fonts used for menu bar titles will sometimes be larger than normal. This issue is described in detail in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/141001 #141001].

To fix this, in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf change:

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0
}}}

to

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0 -dpi 96
}}}

Restart X for this to take effect.

== iSight ==

The iSight is currently broken in Ubuntu Hardy, please see
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24/+bug/185634

iSight works on Gutsy as long as you either 1) boot OS X before booting Gutsy or 2) install the iSight firmware in Gutsy.
To install the iSight firmware, perform the following steps, substituting your Mac OS X partition for sda2 and your kernel for 2.6.22-14-generic. Please note that you need a Mac OS X partition to extract the firmware.

{{{
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdax /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/* /lib/firmware/2.6.22-14-generic/
}}}

Also, in /etc/default/acpi-support, edit the line that begins with MODULES such that it reads:

{{{
MODULES="isight_usb"
}}}

Restart for this to take effect. Once the firmware is functional, the iSight may be used with the "ekiga" program.

To install prerequisites and launch Ekiga (Ekiga may also be launched through the menus), do the following:

{{{
sudo apt-get install ekiga libpt-plugins-v4l2
ekiga
}}}

1. Configuration. You may have to select the iSight device. Edit > Preferences > Devices > Video Devices >
1. Video plugin: V4L2
1. Input device: Built-in iSight

If you want to use it in 640x480 mode, then:

{{{
gconftool-2 --type integer --set /apps/ekiga/devices/video/size 1
}}}

== Minimum Fan Speed ==

To set a minimum fan speed which may help your MacBook run cooler. Substitute your speed of choice (in RPM) for 3000 if you wish.

First you need to load the appropriate module:
{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}
then add the following line to /etc/init.d/acpid just before the exit statement:
{{{
echo 3000 > /sys/devices/platform/applesmc.768/fan1_min
}}}

== Reducing Power Consumption ==

PowerTOP is a program that monitors a Linux system and gives suggestions on reducing power consumption. To install PowerTOP, enter this command in a terminal:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
wget -c http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/download/powertop-1.9.tar.gz
tar -xvf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
cd powertop-1.9
sudo make
sudo make install
}}}

You can also use “checkinstall” instead of “make install” to create a simple .deb for easier removal.

PowerTOP must always be run as root, so use the following command to run it:

{{{
sudo powertop
}}}

== Reducing Drive Load/Unload Cycles ==

My Second Generation (C2D) MacBook is susceptible to a high load/unload cycle count on the hard drive. This is a workaround to lower the drive cycles and extend the drive life. Generate the following three files using the commands below:

{{{
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

Add execute permissions to the files:

{{{
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

To have these changes take effect immediately (without requiring a reboot):

{{{
sudo hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
}}}

See [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/acpi-support/+bug/59695 this bug] for more details.

note: this is Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy" on the Second Generation (C2D) MacBook. I have not tested on previous releases or other models.

== Right/Middle Clicking ==

There are two main approaches to right/middle clicking:
* Two/three finger taps via the synaptics touchpad driver by editing xorg.conf
* Remapping the functions of keys on the keyboard by editing system keyboard layouts or using xmodmap and a local configuration file

=== Multi-finger taps ===
See [#touchpadtweaks More touchpad tweaks].

=== Keyboard keys ===
Enable mouse emulation:
* On Ubuntu: Go to '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard ▸ Accessibility''' in the Main menu. Check '''Enable keyboard accessibility features'''. Click the ''Mouse Keys'' tab and check '''Enable Mouse Keys''' also.
* On Kubuntu: bring up ''System Settings'', find ''Keyboard & Mouse'', choose ''Mouse'' on the left, than the ''Mouse Navigation'' tab, and check the checkbox beside ''Move pointer with keyboard (using the num pad)''. Please note that on Kubuntu you will lose your numpad.
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Mouse Settings''' and on the '''Accessibility''' tab, enable the '''Enable mouse emulation''' check box.
Then '''either''' edit the system files '''or''' use a local configuration file and xmodmap:
* Editing system files (choose '''one''' of the following options):
* '''option 1:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Shift + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* '''option 2:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Alt Gr key + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* Using xmodmap and a local configuration file to override the system-wide layouts:
* The keycodes for relevant keys are:
* right Apple - keycode 116
* lower enter - keycode 108
* The keysyms for relevant input events are:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* Middle-click - Pointer_Button2
* Right-click - Pointer_Button3
* Create a text file as ~/.xmodmap containing the following text:
('''Note''': for my set up I use left Apple as Alt Gr, right Apple as middle-click and lower enter as right-click. If you want to use right Apple as Alt Gr then you may need to rethink your keys for clicks assignments.)
{{{
keycode 116 = Pointer_Button2
keycode 108 = Pointer_Button3
}}}
* Add a call to xmodmap to your startup applications:
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Autostarted Applications''', click the '''Add''' button, fill in the '''Name''' and '''Description''' fields and put the following into the '''Command''' field:
{{{
xmodmap ~/.xmodmap
}}}
Then click '''OK''' and '''Close'''.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

== Motion Sensor ==

The motion sensor doesn't support disk parking yet ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/139881 bug #139881]), but you can play physical neverball :-)

{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}

Then fire up neverball... (or any other game that uses a joystick)

== Keyboard layouts ==

(Xubuntu 7.10 UK MacBook) There are some MacBook / MacBook Pro keyboard models defined in xkb, however, I have found that the Apple Laptop model with layout as ''gb'' (for my UK MacBook) and variant as ''mac'' with the xmodmap configuration as below. Maybe this approach will work well for others.

To make the keyboard usable, for an international keyboard layout:
## TODO cjwatson 2007-03-27: is this still required in Ubuntu 7.04? Changes like this won't be preserved on upgrade any more, so aren't recommended.

* The GUI way:
Bring up the ''Keyboard Preferences'' window with '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard''' from the Main menu. Click on the '''Keyboard Layout Options''' tab, and find '''Third level choosers'''. Mark the ''right Win key'' as third level chooser. Now your right Apple key works as Alt Gr.
* The console way, editing system files:
* Alt Gr for right Apple key
{{{
sudo sed -i~ '/xkb_symbols "ralt_switch" {/a\ include "level3(rwin_switch)"' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/level3
}}}
* Fix swapped keys
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/ <LSGT> = 94;/ <LSGT> = 49;\n <TLDE> = 94;/' /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/xfree86
}}}
* The console way, using xmodmap and a local configuration file:
* keycodes for relevant keys:
* left Apple - keycode 115
* right Apple - keycode 116
* § or ± (UK MacBook key beneath escape) - keycode 49
* ` or ~ (UK MacBook key left of z) - keycode 94
* keysyms for relevant characters/functions:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* § or ± - section plusminus
* ` or ~ - grave tilde
* To fix the swapped keys and make left Apple equivalent to Alt Gr, edit a text file at ~/.xmodmap (create it if it doesn't exist) adding the following lines:
{{{
keycode 115 = ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 49 = section plusminus
keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
}}}
Then add {{{xmodmap ~/.xmodmap}}} to your start up.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

To swap the fn key behaviour:
{{{
#Add one of these commands to /etc/rc.local
echo -n 0x01 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN on (like OSX)
echo -n 0x02 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN off (press fn for volume/brightness/etc)
}}}

== Screen Colors (optional) ==
To calibrate the screen colors (in order to match OS X), you need to install ''xcalib''. This isn't available in the Ubuntu repositories, so you'll have to download it.

Go to http://www.etg.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/web/doe/xcalib/ and (if you are running `i386`) download the newest Linux binary; save it to the Desktop. (If you are running `amd64`, you'll need to compile it from source; make sure to install `libxxf86vm-dev` and `libxext-dev` first, and then simply `make xcalib` in the extracted source directory. Take the resulting `xcalib` binary and continue with these instructions.)

To install and configure it, you will need to do a few things in the terminal and mount a Mac OS X partition (to copy your color profile) as follows (substitute your Mac OS partition's partition number for 2 in /dev/sda2, 2 being the first standard partition):
{{{
sudo mv ~/Desktop/xcalib /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/* /usr/local/etc
}}}
Then, do an "ls /usr/local/etc" and note the name of the profile (for the next step).

Finally, add the following line to the end of either `/etc/gdm/Init/Default` (for standard Ubuntu/Gnome) or `/etc/kde3/kdm/Xsetup` (for Kubuntu/KDE), before the final "exit" statement:
{{{
/usr/local/bin/xcalib "/usr/local/etc/<insert name of profile here>"
}}}

Restart X (Ctrl-Alt-Backspace) and your Mac OS X color profile will load as X starts.

== Fonts like Mac OS X (optional) ==

By default, Ubuntu uses a style of font rendering different than that used on Mac OS X. You may prefer fonts similar to those on Mac OS X, and you can have these on Ubuntu by doing the following:

1. Open a terminal and do "sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config". Set font hinting to "None" and leave the rest of the options as default.
2. Paste the following into a new file entitled "/etc/fonts/conf.d/lcd-legacy.conf":
{{{
<fontconfig>
<edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign"><const>legacy</const></edit>
</fontconfig>
}}}
3. Install any fonts you commonly use on Mac OS X. (Note: the Microsoft Core Fonts - which are commonly used in Office documents and online - can be installed using Add/Remove Programs).
4. Enjoy!

[[Anchor(touchpadtweaks)]]
== More touchpad tweaks ==

To enable touchpad scrolling/tapping/right-click:

You will need to edit the xorg.conf file (in /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

'''For more information than is available below, read {{{man synaptics}}}!'''

Replace the Synaptics Touchpad InputDevice section with the following:
* Basic device definition layout:
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
'''...insert other options from below here...'''
EndSection
}}}
* General options affecting the touchpad edge areas, speed, touch sensitivity, etc. Note that if not using edge scrolling, the edge boundaries can probably be decreased but the edge offsets will need to be reasonable (as below?) if edge scrolling is being used.:
{{{
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
}}}
* Options affecting taps for button clicks:
Buttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the left, middle and right mouse buttons respectively. If you set the values to 0, the method will be disabled. The ''TapButton'' options are for one, two or three finger taps. The ''CornerButton'' options are for one finger taps in the right-top (''RT''), right-bottom (''RB''), left-top (''LT'') and left-bottom (''LB'') corners of the touchpad. Generally you will want to use either corner taps or multi-finger taps, not both.
* Multi-finger taps
The following example uses a one-finger tap for left-click, a two-finger tap for right-click and a three-finger tap for middle-click (and the physical button can still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
}}}
* One-finger corner taps
The following example uses the right-bottom corner for middle-click and left-bottom corner for right-click (and the physical button is still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
}}}
* Options affecting scrolling:
You can either use edge scrolling or two-finger scrolling (as in Mac OS X) but you won't generally want to use both.
* Scrolling speed
The following options affect how far you have to move your finger across the touchpad to affect a scroll. Smaller values should make scrolling faster.
{{{
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
}}}
* Edge scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving a finger along an edge of the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
}}}
* Two-finger scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving two fingers horizontally or vertically over the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
}}}
* Additional useful information
* Firefox horizontal scrolling behavior
With two finger scrolling enabled, you will probably want to change Firefox's horizontal scrolling behavior. To do so, open Firefox, go to the URL "about:config", and change the following settings:
{{{
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action from 2 to 0
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines from -1 to 1
}}}
* Disable the touchpad temporarily while typing
It is useful to have the touchpad not use click or scroll events while you are typing. The information for this was found [http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2006/09/20/disable-touchpad-temporarily-when-typing/ here]. Make syndaemon start up by default each time you login, add it to the list of Startup Programs in System->Preferences->Sessions. Add the following command:
{{{
syndaemon -t -d
}}}

'''Restart X for changes to take effect with Ctrl-Alt-Backspace'''

=== Examples ===
* Example 1
With the following settings, two finger scrolling is enabled as in Mac OS X. Right-click is done by tapping the bottom-left corner of the touchpad, and middle-click is done by tapping the bottom-right corner of the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "0"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}
* Example 2
With the following settings the Synaptics Touchpad configuration should be closer to Mac OS X. Right-click using a two-finger tap and scroll by moving two fingers across the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "10"
Option "RightEdge" "1200"
Option "TopEdge" "10"
Option "BottomEdge" "370"
Option "FingerLow" "10"
Option "FingerHigh" "20"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}

== DVI Output (gutsy) ==
[http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_6.06.1_on_a_ThinkPad_R60e#Ubuntu_7.10_with_Intel_Graphics_Media_Accelerator_950 These instructions] worked perfectly for setting DVI output on my MacBook.

[http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/11/25/extended-video-on-the-macbook-xrandr-ftw/ extended display] - These instructions worked for me. A little more to the point than the above link.

Warning: Screen and Graphics Preferences is currently dangerous. It completely broke my /etc/X11/xorg.conf on my first reconfiguration attempt.

== Misc ==
This is useful if you already have too many partitions on your macbook and want to put the swap file directly on the main / partition.
{{{
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
edit fstab:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
}}}

Note: You can use suspend on disk with a swapfile. To do that we have to add an option passed to the kernel. Add the resume=/dev/<partition> resume_offset=<offset to the swapfile in blocks> :
{{{
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile
#output : First block: 102300
}}}
Copy the first block number of the swapfile (ex:102300) and edit the defoptions line of /boot/grub/menu.lst :
{{{
# defoptions=quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3 resume_offset=102300
}}}
The update your grub configuration :
{{{
sudo update-grub
}}}
On this example, the swapfile is on partition /dev/sda3.
You are now able to use suspend on disk (hibernate).

----
References:
* [http://www.apple.com/macbook/ Apple - MacBook]
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/UbuntuOnApple Ubuntu on Apple - Mac Mini]
* [http://bin-false.org/?p=17 /bin/false –help » Installing Ubuntu Linux on a MacBook (Dual Boot)]
* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/ Mactel: Linux on the MacBook Pro]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=198453 Ubuntu on MacBook Pro - Ubuntu Forums]
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookProFeisty (k)ubuntu fiesty 7.04 on a MacBookPro]
* [http://www.mactel-linux.org/wiki/Dual_Booting Dual Booting - Mactel-Linux]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=225621 Built-in iSight Howto, Intel Mac ( iMac, Macbook ) - Ubuntu Forums]
* [http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/08/02/installing-ubuntu-on-a-macbook-tutorial-beta/ Nearly Complete Installation Tutorial]

* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/suspend2/ suspend2]
CategoryCleanup CategoryAudio

Macbook

2008-05-24T02:50:11Z

Carsses: insercion del texto a traducir

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

----
||<tablestyle="float:right; font-size: 0.9em; width:40%; background:#F1F1ED; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" style="padding:0.5em;">'''Contents'''[[BR]][[TableOfContents(2)]]||

= Como instalar Ubuntu en un Macbook =
This guide will help you through all the steps necessary for installing Ubuntu on a MacBook. This guide is currently aimed at Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), but is going to be adapted for Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron).

If you own a MacBook Pro see this guide: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookPro, but note that almost everything is the same, and that this page is also relevant.

If you own a new MacBook (Santa Rosa v3.1) see this guide: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook_Santa_Rosa

For further discussion of this topic, see: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=1699961

For a guide to Triple Booting, see: http://wiki.onmac.net/index.php/Triple_Boot_via_BootCamp_Ubuntu

'''The instructions below refer to Apple's BootCamp application which is no longer publicly available unless you use / upgrade to OSX 10.5 Leopard. Another option, however, is to resize Mac OS X partition using ''diskutil'' or re-install Mac OS X from scratch and use Disk Utility to make a smaller Mac OS X partition, leaving free space for Ubuntu.'''

== Basic instructions ==
1. Update the [http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/ firmware] to the latest version. If you prefer, you may use the standard "Software Update" (accessible from your OS X partition, if you have one)
1. Get your Ubuntu [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download Live CD] ready. For older MacBooks you must select `i386`; for Core 2 Duo MacBooks (post 2006) you can select `amd64` if you're interested in running a 64-bit OS, otherwise `i386` may be selected.
1. Install [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt] if you want a boot menu (to select between OS X/Ubuntu) to appear on every boot. You can make Ubuntu boot by default and change the menu timeout by editing the "refit.conf" file (described on the above website).
1. If necessary, use Boot Camp to resize your OSX partition and make space for Ubuntu. Don't waste a CD creating a Windows driver disk. Reboot.
1. Hold down "C" to boot from the CD.
1. Install Ubuntu as usual, except:
* In the partitioner, select ''Manually edit partition table''
* Delete /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda4 if they exist
* Create a new ext3 partition for your root
* Mount the newly created ext3 partition on '/'
* Note that Boot Camp will cause problems if you make more than two partitions in total.
1. Finish the install and reboot.
1. If you installed rEFIt, you should have a choice between booting OS X and Ubuntu. Use the arrow keys and Enter to select Ubuntu.
1. Alternatively, if you did not install rEFIt, hold down Alt/Option to choose whether to boot into OSX / Ubuntu. The Boot Camp-installed boot menu will recognize the Ubuntu installation as "Windows," but will boot Ubuntu normally regardless.
1. Log in to your system.
1. Follow the instructions below to set up the various hardware components that don't work out-of-the-box on Gutsy.

== Sound ==

Sound on MacBooks is provided by an Intel HDA-based integrated chipset, and should work out-of-the-box. However, in Ubuntu 8.04 alsa drivers 1.0.15 will not work with some chipsets, like SigmaTel STAC9221. In such cases everything seems to work fine but no sound is present (even unmuting all controls). Alsa drivers 1.0.16 should work fine, to install them:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) module-assistant alsa-source
sudo dpkg-reconfigure alsa-source
sudo module-assistant a-i alsa-source
}}}

This may disable Madwifi drivers for the wireless card, hence you want to compile alsa first.

The volume control will not work correctly out-of-the-box - in particular, reducing the default volume will result in sound distortion at lower volume levels, and volume control changes won't effect the headphone volume level.

To fix this, do the following

1. Add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base:
{{{
install snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-hda-intel $CMDLINE_OPTS && /lib/alsa/modprobe-post-install snd-hda-intel
}}}

2. Increase the volume (both using the key combination and the system tray applet) to its maximum possible value.

3. Right-click on the volume applet and choose Preferences. Select "PCM" as the device to control.

4. Open the Sound preferences (System-Preferences-Sound in GNOME). Select "PCM" as the device to control.

The above setting changes (step 3 and 4) can be done via the command line using these two gconftool-2 commands:
{{{
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/sound/default_mixer_tracks [PCM]
gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/panel/applets/mixer_screen0/prefs/active-track PCM
}}}

Step 1. may be necessary in Hardy even if you don't appreciate this issue.

== Microphone ==

The built-in iSight microphone (above the LCD screen) will not record out of the box, but is really easy to get working. The steps that I took to get the microphone working were:

1. right-click on the volume applet and select "Open Volume Control".

2. within the volume control application select "Edit > Preferences".

3. select "Mux" and "Input Source" at the bottom of the list, and close.

4. select the "Recording" tab and set "Mux" at about 1/3 full volume (higher results in static).

5. make sure mic is unmuted!

6. select the "Options" tab and select "Mic" as the input source.

note: the only options I have checked in "Edit > Preferences" (step 2 above) are: PCM, Input source, and Mux.

The above settings, minus the 1/3 volume level setting, can be toggled using the below commands:

{{{
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerMux --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerPCM --type bool 1
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-volume-control/HDAIntelAlsamixerInputSource --type bool 1
}}}

== Wireless ==

If you have a first generation MacBook (Core Duo) then your wireless should just start working, though you may want to update to the latest version as illustrated below for better power efficiency and signal strength. Second generation Mac``Books (Core 2 Duo) have a newer version of the Atheros Wifi chipset which requires the installation of the latest Atheros Mad``Wifi drivers. [https://bugs.launchpad.net/madwifi/+bug/122703 bug #122703]

Please note that the current Mad``Wifi drivers depend on a proprietary binary, the Atheros HAL, and therefore are not open-source software. A free software implementation, [http://madwifi.org/wiki/About/OpenHAL OpenHAL], is currently being developed by the Madwifi devs, but unfortunately it does not support the Atheros chipset in the MacBooks yet.

The following commands compile and install the prerelease Mad``Wifi driver, insert it into the kernel, and disable background scanning for better stability. For installation, you can choose to use daily snapshots or Subversion.

Using daily snapshots:
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake
wget http://snapshots.madwifi.org/madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
tar -zxvf madwifi-trunk-current.tar.gz
cd madwifi-trunk-r*
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

Alternatively, using Subversion (be patient with the checkout, it may take a while):
{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake
svn co http://svn.madwifi.org/madwifi/trunk madwifi
cd madwifi
make
sudo make install-modules
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\n/sbin/iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
sudo chmod 755 /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-madwifi-bgscan.sh
}}}

At this point the driver should be installed and will be enabled after a reboot. Alternatively, you can skip the reboot and use the following commands to insert the driver into the running kernel:
{{{
sudo modprobe ath_pci
sudo iwpriv ath0 bgscan 0
}}}

Additionally, the Mad``Wifi drivers are sometimes unstable under certain circumstances when using the standard NetworkManager tool for managing networks. Because of these reasons, you may want to disable the drivers if you aren't using wireless. To do this, edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file and add "blacklist ath_pci" at the bottom. Additionally, you can deselect the Atheros HAL in the Restricted Manager (System-Administration-Restricted Drivers Manager).

To disallow replacement of just installed modules by installing linux-restricted-modules package update you can edit /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common and insert ath_hal into DISABLED_MODULES list:
{{{
sudo sed -i~ -e 's/^$DISABLED_MODULES="$$.*"$/\1ath_hal \2/' -e 's/ "$/"/' /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common
}}}

More information can be obtained at
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo

If you need to connect to a channel that's not allowed in the regulatory domain in which you bought your laptop, you'll need to follow these instructions: http://tumbleweed.org.za/2008/02/11/madwifi-regdomain-issues

=== Ndiswrapper ===
If you instead want to use ndiswrapper to use the Windows wireless drivers on Ubuntu (only for 32-bit) these are the instructions:

You have to have the XP drivers on your hard disk. If you don't have a Windows XP installation on an alternate partition, you can get the drivers from the Boot Camp driver disk. The drivers from the Boot Camp disk can be uncompressed using the non-free unrar in the multiverse repository:
* Enable multiverse ( see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu )
* Install the packages {{{rar unrar}}} (actually only unrar is truly necessary)
* Uncompress the Windows XP Atheros driver installer:

{{{
mkdir ~/atheros
unrar x atherosxpinstaller.exe ~/atheros/
}}}

* Install the atheros drivers using ndiswrapper:
{{{
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8

#install the driver into ndiswrapper:
sudo ndiswrapper -i "~/atheros/net5416.inf"
#--or--
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
sudo ndiswrapper -i "/mnt/Program Files/Macintosh Drivers for Windows XP 1.1.2/net5416/net5416.inf"

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo echo >> /etc/modules "ndiswrapper"
sudo umount /mnt
}}}

Reference: http://paulglover.net/20061210/triple-booting-macbook-os-x-ubuntu-edgy-windows-xp/

=== Wicd ===

In order to fix the wireless for the most recent Linux kernels, you may want to install wicd (http://wicd.net) instead of using network-manager. Follow the instructions for installation on Ubuntu on their website, then use these preferences:

WPA Supplicant Driver: wext
Wireless Interface: ath0
Wired Interface: eth0

All of the rest should not matter, except for your specific network settings, you should just leave them alone.

== Brightness ==

Brightness controls should work out-of-the box using HAL and GNOME Power Manager in Ubuntu 7.10. However, there are a few issues with automatic dimming. In particular, the automatic dimming feature actually *brightens* the MacBook screen when on AC, and on battery it brightens the screen if the screen brightness has been adjusted to a value below the standard level for battery power. This is documented in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/137598 #137598] and [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-power-manager/+bug/63543 #63543].

Due to these issues, you may want to disable auto-dimming. This can be done by opening the Gconf Editor (gconf-editor in a Terminal will open it), and unchecking the key "enable" in "apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight". If at a later time you want to re-enable this feature (i.e. if the bug is fixed in a future update) simply return to this key and check it instead of unchecking it.

** Easy fix for Macbook Pro Gutsy

I simply went into System > Preferences > Power Management
1) I unchecked "Dim Display when idle"
2) In the "On Battery Power" tab, uncheck "Dim Display when idle"
3) in the "General" tab, uncheck "use ambient light to adjust LCD brightness" <<-- This seems to be the main problem, but I kept the other two unchecked just to be sure ;-)

== Suspend ==

Suspend is broken in Ubuntu 7.10 on many first-generation MacBooks as well as some later-generation MacBooks and MacBook Pros [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/151016 #151016]. In particular, these machines will go into suspend, but will not come out of suspend. This is because the 32bit kernel supplied with 7.10 has some issues which prevent this from working (the x86_64 kernel works correctly out of the box). To fix this you will have to download an older version of the Linux kernel that is known to work. The latest known version to work is 2.6.22-12, which you can download by installing the packages at the locations pointed to below. Be sure to install them in the order as they appear here.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-image-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-headers-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.39
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22-12.32
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/gutsy/i386/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.22-12-generic/2.6.22.4-12.3

After installing, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default=0 line to default=2 (if the newly-installed kernel is the third listed in the menu.lst file, which it should be when installed on a stock Gutsy install).

Restart your MacBook for the update to take effect. You will have to reinstall any wireless drivers you may have installed in the past.

Alternatively, users who prefer a newer kernel to an older one can install the 2.6.24 kernel packages from the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 release by adding the hardy repositories to their software sources:
{{{
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
}}}
Note: These should not replace the existing gutsy sources, but should be in addition to them. See the Repositories Howto for more information.

Once the new repositories have been added, and the package list reloaded, installing the new linux-generic should get all the necessary kernel packages from hardy, including linux-image, linux-ubuntu-modules, and linux-restricted-modules. Once the new packages are installed, disable (but don't remove) the hardy repositories, so that upgrades using apt or synaptic don't result in a complete upgrade to hardy. The user can periodically re-enable these repositories in order to check for updated kernel packages.

Rebooting into the new kernel ''should'' result in a perfectly suspending MacBook.

On my Macbook (2007), I need to edit /etc/default/acpi-support in the following way:

- change POST_VIDEO=true into POST_VIDEO=false

- Add sky2 in the modules to be removed before suspend and reloaded after: MODULES="sky2"

Note: on my MacBook (2nd gen: Nov 2006), using the hardy kernel as explained above, no change to /etc/default/acpi-support was required.

== Whining noise ==

In order to fix the whining noise that some MacBooks make, you need to install the iSight firmware. To install the iSight firmware, follow the steps listed below under "iSight". After installing the firmware and restarting, your MacBook should be whine-free.

Note: The above does not always work. In that case, add the following to /etc/init.d/acpid before exit 0.
{{{
echo 2 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/max_cstate
}}}

== Fonts & Desktop Effects ==

When using desktop effects (which are enabled by default on most MacBooks), the fonts used for menu bar titles will sometimes be larger than normal. This issue is described in detail in bug [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/141001 #141001].

To fix this, in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf change:

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0
}}}

to

{{{
[server-Standard]
name=Standard server
-command=/usr/bin/X -br -audit 0 -dpi 96
}}}

Restart X for this to take effect.

== iSight ==

The iSight is currently broken in Ubuntu Hardy, please see
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24/+bug/185634

iSight works on Gutsy as long as you either 1) boot OS X before booting Gutsy or 2) install the iSight firmware in Gutsy.
To install the iSight firmware, perform the following steps, substituting your Mac OS X partition for sda2 and your kernel for 2.6.22-14-generic. Please note that you need a Mac OS X partition to extract the firmware.

{{{
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdax /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/* /lib/firmware/2.6.22-14-generic/
}}}

Also, in /etc/default/acpi-support, edit the line that begins with MODULES such that it reads:

{{{
MODULES="isight_usb"
}}}

Restart for this to take effect. Once the firmware is functional, the iSight may be used with the "ekiga" program.

To install prerequisites and launch Ekiga (Ekiga may also be launched through the menus), do the following:

{{{
sudo apt-get install ekiga libpt-plugins-v4l2
ekiga
}}}

1. Configuration. You may have to select the iSight device. Edit > Preferences > Devices > Video Devices >
1. Video plugin: V4L2
1. Input device: Built-in iSight

If you want to use it in 640x480 mode, then:

{{{
gconftool-2 --type integer --set /apps/ekiga/devices/video/size 1
}}}

== Minimum Fan Speed ==

To set a minimum fan speed which may help your MacBook run cooler. Substitute your speed of choice (in RPM) for 3000 if you wish.

First you need to load the appropriate module:
{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}
then add the following line to /etc/init.d/acpid just before the exit statement:
{{{
echo 3000 > /sys/devices/platform/applesmc.768/fan1_min
}}}

== Reducing Power Consumption ==

PowerTOP is a program that monitors a Linux system and gives suggestions on reducing power consumption. To install PowerTOP, enter this command in a terminal:

{{{
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
wget -c http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/download/powertop-1.9.tar.gz
tar -xvf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
cd powertop-1.9
sudo make
sudo make install
}}}

You can also use “checkinstall” instead of “make install” to create a simple .deb for easier removal.

PowerTOP must always be run as root, so use the following command to run it:

{{{
sudo powertop
}}}

== Reducing Drive Load/Unload Cycles ==

My Second Generation (C2D) MacBook is susceptible to a high load/unload cycle count on the hard drive. This is a workaround to lower the drive cycles and extend the drive life. Generate the following three files using the commands below:

{{{
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nhdparm -B 254 /dev/sda' | sudo tee -a /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

Add execute permissions to the files:

{{{
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/start.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/resume.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
sudo chmod a+x /etc/acpi/suspend.d/99-macbook-fix.sh
}}}

To have these changes take effect immediately (without requiring a reboot):

{{{
sudo hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
}}}

See [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/acpi-support/+bug/59695 this bug] for more details.

note: this is Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy" on the Second Generation (C2D) MacBook. I have not tested on previous releases or other models.

== Right/Middle Clicking ==

There are two main approaches to right/middle clicking:
* Two/three finger taps via the synaptics touchpad driver by editing xorg.conf
* Remapping the functions of keys on the keyboard by editing system keyboard layouts or using xmodmap and a local configuration file

=== Multi-finger taps ===
See [#touchpadtweaks More touchpad tweaks].

=== Keyboard keys ===
Enable mouse emulation:
* On Ubuntu: Go to '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard ▸ Accessibility''' in the Main menu. Check '''Enable keyboard accessibility features'''. Click the ''Mouse Keys'' tab and check '''Enable Mouse Keys''' also.
* On Kubuntu: bring up ''System Settings'', find ''Keyboard & Mouse'', choose ''Mouse'' on the left, than the ''Mouse Navigation'' tab, and check the checkbox beside ''Move pointer with keyboard (using the num pad)''. Please note that on Kubuntu you will lose your numpad.
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Mouse Settings''' and on the '''Accessibility''' tab, enable the '''Enable mouse emulation''' check box.
Then '''either''' edit the system files '''or''' use a local configuration file and xmodmap:
* Editing system files (choose '''one''' of the following options):
* '''option 1:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Shift + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* '''option 2:''' lower Enter key = Right Mouse Button, Alt Gr key + lower Enter key = Middle Mouse Button
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/KP_Enter/Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button3, Pointer_Button2, Pointer_Button2/' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad
}}}
* Using xmodmap and a local configuration file to override the system-wide layouts:
* The keycodes for relevant keys are:
* right Apple - keycode 116
* lower enter - keycode 108
* The keysyms for relevant input events are:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* Middle-click - Pointer_Button2
* Right-click - Pointer_Button3
* Create a text file as ~/.xmodmap containing the following text:
('''Note''': for my set up I use left Apple as Alt Gr, right Apple as middle-click and lower enter as right-click. If you want to use right Apple as Alt Gr then you may need to rethink your keys for clicks assignments.)
{{{
keycode 116 = Pointer_Button2
keycode 108 = Pointer_Button3
}}}
* Add a call to xmodmap to your startup applications:
* On Xubuntu: Go to '''Applications ▸ Settings ▸ Autostarted Applications''', click the '''Add''' button, fill in the '''Name''' and '''Description''' fields and put the following into the '''Command''' field:
{{{
xmodmap ~/.xmodmap
}}}
Then click '''OK''' and '''Close'''.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

== Motion Sensor ==

The motion sensor doesn't support disk parking yet ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/139881 bug #139881]), but you can play physical neverball :-)

{{{
sudo modprobe applesmc
echo applesmc | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
}}}

Then fire up neverball... (or any other game that uses a joystick)

== Keyboard layouts ==

(Xubuntu 7.10 UK MacBook) There are some MacBook / MacBook Pro keyboard models defined in xkb, however, I have found that the Apple Laptop model with layout as ''gb'' (for my UK MacBook) and variant as ''mac'' with the xmodmap configuration as below. Maybe this approach will work well for others.

To make the keyboard usable, for an international keyboard layout:
## TODO cjwatson 2007-03-27: is this still required in Ubuntu 7.04? Changes like this won't be preserved on upgrade any more, so aren't recommended.

* The GUI way:
Bring up the ''Keyboard Preferences'' window with '''System ▸ Preferences ▸ Keyboard''' from the Main menu. Click on the '''Keyboard Layout Options''' tab, and find '''Third level choosers'''. Mark the ''right Win key'' as third level chooser. Now your right Apple key works as Alt Gr.
* The console way, editing system files:
* Alt Gr for right Apple key
{{{
sudo sed -i~ '/xkb_symbols "ralt_switch" {/a\ include "level3(rwin_switch)"' /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/level3
}}}
* Fix swapped keys
{{{
sudo sed -i~ 's/ <LSGT> = 94;/ <LSGT> = 49;\n <TLDE> = 94;/' /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/xfree86
}}}
* The console way, using xmodmap and a local configuration file:
* keycodes for relevant keys:
* left Apple - keycode 115
* right Apple - keycode 116
* § or ± (UK MacBook key beneath escape) - keycode 49
* ` or ~ (UK MacBook key left of z) - keycode 94
* keysyms for relevant characters/functions:
* Alt Gr - ISO_Level3_Shift
* § or ± - section plusminus
* ` or ~ - grave tilde
* To fix the swapped keys and make left Apple equivalent to Alt Gr, edit a text file at ~/.xmodmap (create it if it doesn't exist) adding the following lines:
{{{
keycode 115 = ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 49 = section plusminus
keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
}}}
Then add {{{xmodmap ~/.xmodmap}}} to your start up.

'''Restart X (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) for the changes to take effect.'''

To swap the fn key behaviour:
{{{
#Add one of these commands to /etc/rc.local
echo -n 0x01 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN on (like OSX)
echo -n 0x02 > /sys/module/hid/parameters/pb_fnmode #FN off (press fn for volume/brightness/etc)
}}}

== Screen Colors (optional) ==
To calibrate the screen colors (in order to match OS X), you need to install ''xcalib''. This isn't available in the Ubuntu repositories, so you'll have to download it.

Go to http://www.etg.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/web/doe/xcalib/ and (if you are running `i386`) download the newest Linux binary; save it to the Desktop. (If you are running `amd64`, you'll need to compile it from source; make sure to install `libxxf86vm-dev` and `libxext-dev` first, and then simply `make xcalib` in the extracted source directory. Take the resulting `xcalib` binary and continue with these instructions.)

To install and configure it, you will need to do a few things in the terminal and mount a Mac OS X partition (to copy your color profile) as follows (substitute your Mac OS partition's partition number for 2 in /dev/sda2, 2 being the first standard partition):
{{{
sudo mv ~/Desktop/xcalib /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/xcalib
sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /mnt/Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/* /usr/local/etc
}}}
Then, do an "ls /usr/local/etc" and note the name of the profile (for the next step).

Finally, add the following line to the end of either `/etc/gdm/Init/Default` (for standard Ubuntu/Gnome) or `/etc/kde3/kdm/Xsetup` (for Kubuntu/KDE), before the final "exit" statement:
{{{
/usr/local/bin/xcalib "/usr/local/etc/<insert name of profile here>"
}}}

Restart X (Ctrl-Alt-Backspace) and your Mac OS X color profile will load as X starts.

== Fonts like Mac OS X (optional) ==

By default, Ubuntu uses a style of font rendering different than that used on Mac OS X. You may prefer fonts similar to those on Mac OS X, and you can have these on Ubuntu by doing the following:

1. Open a terminal and do "sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config". Set font hinting to "None" and leave the rest of the options as default.
2. Paste the following into a new file entitled "/etc/fonts/conf.d/lcd-legacy.conf":
{{{
<fontconfig>
<edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign"><const>legacy</const></edit>
</fontconfig>
}}}
3. Install any fonts you commonly use on Mac OS X. (Note: the Microsoft Core Fonts - which are commonly used in Office documents and online - can be installed using Add/Remove Programs).
4. Enjoy!

[[Anchor(touchpadtweaks)]]
== More touchpad tweaks ==

To enable touchpad scrolling/tapping/right-click:

You will need to edit the xorg.conf file (in /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

'''For more information than is available below, read {{{man synaptics}}}!'''

Replace the Synaptics Touchpad InputDevice section with the following:
* Basic device definition layout:
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
'''...insert other options from below here...'''
EndSection
}}}
* General options affecting the touchpad edge areas, speed, touch sensitivity, etc. Note that if not using edge scrolling, the edge boundaries can probably be decreased but the edge offsets will need to be reasonable (as below?) if edge scrolling is being used.:
{{{
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
}}}
* Options affecting taps for button clicks:
Buttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the left, middle and right mouse buttons respectively. If you set the values to 0, the method will be disabled. The ''TapButton'' options are for one, two or three finger taps. The ''CornerButton'' options are for one finger taps in the right-top (''RT''), right-bottom (''RB''), left-top (''LT'') and left-bottom (''LB'') corners of the touchpad. Generally you will want to use either corner taps or multi-finger taps, not both.
* Multi-finger taps
The following example uses a one-finger tap for left-click, a two-finger tap for right-click and a three-finger tap for middle-click (and the physical button can still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
}}}
* One-finger corner taps
The following example uses the right-bottom corner for middle-click and left-bottom corner for right-click (and the physical button is still used for left-click):
{{{
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
}}}
* Options affecting scrolling:
You can either use edge scrolling or two-finger scrolling (as in Mac OS X) but you won't generally want to use both.
* Scrolling speed
The following options affect how far you have to move your finger across the touchpad to affect a scroll. Smaller values should make scrolling faster.
{{{
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
}}}
* Edge scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving a finger along an edge of the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
}}}
* Two-finger scrolling
The following options toggle whether moving two fingers horizontally or vertically over the touchpad invokes scrolling. Set to 0 to disable.
{{{
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
}}}
* Additional useful information
* Firefox horizontal scrolling behavior
With two finger scrolling enabled, you will probably want to change Firefox's horizontal scrolling behavior. To do so, open Firefox, go to the URL "about:config", and change the following settings:
{{{
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action from 2 to 0
mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines from -1 to 1
}}}
* Disable the touchpad temporarily while typing
It is useful to have the touchpad not use click or scroll events while you are typing. The information for this was found [http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2006/09/20/disable-touchpad-temporarily-when-typing/ here]. Make syndaemon start up by default each time you login, add it to the list of Startup Programs in System->Preferences->Sessions. Add the following command:
{{{
syndaemon -t -d
}}}

'''Restart X for changes to take effect with Ctrl-Alt-Backspace'''

=== Examples ===
* Example 1
With the following settings, two finger scrolling is enabled as in Mac OS X. Right-click is done by tapping the bottom-left corner of the touchpad, and middle-click is done by tapping the bottom-right corner of the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "150"
Option "RightEdge" "1070"
Option "TopEdge" "100"
Option "BottomEdge" "310"
Option "FingerLow" "25"
Option "FingerHigh" "30"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "0"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "2"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "3"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}
* Example 2
With the following settings the Synaptics Touchpad configuration should be closer to Mac OS X. Right-click using a two-finger tap and scroll by moving two fingers across the touchpad.
{{{
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
Option "SendCoreEvents" "true"
Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option "Protocol" "auto-dev"
Option "SHMConfig" "true"
Option "LeftEdge" "10"
Option "RightEdge" "1200"
Option "TopEdge" "10"
Option "BottomEdge" "370"
Option "FingerLow" "10"
Option "FingerHigh" "20"
Option "MaxTapTime" "180"
Option "MaxTapMove" "220"
Option "SingleTapTimeout" "100"
Option "MaxDoubleTapTime" "180"
Option "LockedDrags" "off"
Option "MinSpeed" "1.10"
Option "MaxSpeed" "1.30"
Option "AccelFactor" "0.08"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Option "TapButton3" "2"
Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
Option "VertScrollDelta" "20"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "50"
Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertEdgeScroll" "0"
Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
EndSection
}}}

== DVI Output (gutsy) ==
[http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_6.06.1_on_a_ThinkPad_R60e#Ubuntu_7.10_with_Intel_Graphics_Media_Accelerator_950 These instructions] worked perfectly for setting DVI output on my MacBook.

[http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/11/25/extended-video-on-the-macbook-xrandr-ftw/ extended display] - These instructions worked for me. A little more to the point than the above link.

Warning: Screen and Graphics Preferences is currently dangerous. It completely broke my /etc/X11/xorg.conf on my first reconfiguration attempt.

== Misc ==
This is useful if you already have too many partitions on your macbook and want to put the swap file directly on the main / partition.
{{{
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
edit fstab:
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
}}}

Note: You can use suspend on disk with a swapfile. To do that we have to add an option passed to the kernel. Add the resume=/dev/<partition> resume_offset=<offset to the swapfile in blocks> :
{{{
sudo filefrag -v /swapfile
#output : First block: 102300
}}}
Copy the first block number of the swapfile (ex:102300) and edit the defoptions line of /boot/grub/menu.lst :
{{{
# defoptions=quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3 resume_offset=102300
}}}
The update your grub configuration :
{{{
sudo update-grub
}}}
On this example, the swapfile is on partition /dev/sda3.
You are now able to use suspend on disk (hibernate).

----
References:
* [http://www.apple.com/macbook/ Apple - MacBook]
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/UbuntuOnApple Ubuntu on Apple - Mac Mini]
* [http://bin-false.org/?p=17 /bin/false –help » Installing Ubuntu Linux on a MacBook (Dual Boot)]
* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/ Mactel: Linux on the MacBook Pro]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=198453 Ubuntu on MacBook Pro - Ubuntu Forums]
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MacBookProFeisty (k)ubuntu fiesty 7.04 on a MacBookPro]
* [http://www.mactel-linux.org/wiki/Dual_Booting Dual Booting - Mactel-Linux]
* [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=225621 Built-in iSight Howto, Intel Mac ( iMac, Macbook ) - Ubuntu Forums]
* [http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/08/02/installing-ubuntu-on-a-macbook-tutorial-beta/ Nearly Complete Installation Tutorial]

* [http://modular.math.washington.edu/macbook/suspend2/ suspend2]
CategoryCleanup CategoryAudio

Macbook

2008-05-24T02:45:45Z

Carsses:

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

Macbook

2008-05-24T02:45:06Z

Carsses: insertando bandera de Traducción

[[Imagen:SPEngUs2.png]] Página traduciendose de la documentación original [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

Archivo:SPEngUs2.png

2008-05-24T02:43:24Z

Carsses: Bandera de traduccion Eng-Esp

Bandera de traduccion Eng-Esp

Macbook

2008-05-24T02:38:29Z

Carsses: aviso tratuducción

[[Imagen:Ejemplo.jpg]]Página traduciendose de la documentación original [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook?highlight=(macbook)

Instalación en MacIntel

2008-05-24T02:31:11Z

Carsses: añadiendo unos br

Instalando Ubuntu X en:
Los odenadores de ultima generación (2006,2007,2008) de apple dejaron de contener Microprocesares PPC(Power PC) para llevar procesadores Intel, tambien otra de las carácteristicas es que no tienen bios sino efi. Como cada modelo tiene sus peculiaridades se ha decido separar los diferentes tipos de ordenadores para establecer mejor sus peculiaridades en el interior. Tambien las peculiaridades de las versiones a instalar serán especificadas en el interior del equipo(macbook no pro,macbook pro...) 
[[Macbook]] 
[[MacBook Santa Rosa]] 
[[Macbook Pro]] 
[[Macbook Air]]

Instalación en MacIntel

2008-05-24T02:19:38Z

Carsses: instalación en macintel pagina intermedia

Instalando Ubuntu X en:
Los odenadores de ultima generación (2006,2007,2008) de apple dejaron de contener Microprocesares PPC(Power PC) para llevar procesadores Intel, tambien otra de las carácteristicas es que no tienen bios sino efi. Como cada modelo tiene sus peculiaridades se ha decido separar los diferentes tipos de ordenadores para establecer mejor sus peculiaridades en el interior. Tambien las peculiaridades de las versiones a instalar serán especificadas en el interior del equipo(macbook no pro,macbook pro...)
[[Macbook]]
[[MacBook Santa Rosa]]
[[Macbook Pro]]
[[Macbook Air]]

Instalación avanzada

2008-05-22T16:49:46Z

Carsses: añadir macintel

'''(Revisar traducción)'''

Utiliza este tipo de instalaciones solo si la [[instalación estándar]] te da problemas.

== Instalación en Mac con procesador intel ==
Instalación de ubuntu en ordenadores con procesador intel ejemplo: Macbook,MacbookPro...
* Si tienes un ordenador '''CoreDuo/Core2Duo Apple Mac - Procesador Intel sin Bios''', ver [[Instalación en MacIntel]]

== Instalación utilizando un CD Alternativo (Alternate CD) ==
Si tu ordenador no permite ejecutar un CD de instalación Desktop (escritorio) estandar, puedes utilizar un CD de instalación Alternativo en su lugar. El CD alternativo permite unas opciones de instalación más avanzadas que no están habilitadas en el CD Desktop.

* Si tienes un ordenador '''x86''', ver [[Instalación i386]]. La mayoría de gente tiene un ordenador x86.
* Si tienes un ordenador '''AMD 64-bit''', la instalación es exactamente igual a la de un x86.
* Si tienes un ordenador '''PowerPC (Apple Mac)''', ver [[Instalación Power Pc|Instalación Power PC]]
* Si tienes un ordenador '''SPARC''', así como un UltraSPARC T1 (Niagara), ver [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/Sparc Instalación Sparc]
* Si tienes una 'Sony Play Station 3', ver [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PlayStation_3 PlayStation 3]

== Instalación sin CD ==
Los documentos listados abajo proporcionan instrucciones para instalar Ubuntu sin utilizar disco CD o CD-rom .

* [[Administrador de arranque inteligente]] – Instalar desde un PC que no inicia desde CD.
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick Desde Stick USB] – Instalación desde una memoria USB
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/WithFloppies Con Floppies] – Instalar sin CD desde red
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromHardDriveWithFloppies Desde Disco Duro con Floppies] – Instalando sin CD o utilidades de red desde un disco duro.
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromWindows Desde Windows] – Instalación desde Windows sin utilizar floppies, CD u otro dispositivo extraible
* [[Instalación desde Linux]] – Instalando desde un sistema Linux existente sin dispositivos extraíbles.

== Actualizando una instalación previa ==

Si tienes una versión Antigua de ubuntu u otra distribución Linux, lee las notas de actualización a continuación para actualizar a una nueva versión de Ubuntu.

* [[Actualizando desde Ubuntu]] - Actualizar desde una version Antigua de Ubuntu a la última versión.

== Instalaciones en Servidores y red ==
Para instalar Ubuntu a través de una red o de internet, ver las guias siguientes para más instrucciones.

* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/OnNFSDrive OnNFSDrive] – Instalando en un servidor NFS y utilizando clientes diskless .
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/OverSSH OverSSH] – Instalando en un servidor dedicado a través de ssh.
* [[Instalación Netboot]] – Instalando desde la red, por ejemplo. sin unidad CD-ROM o con una unidad de CDROM SCSI sin arranque.
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/LocalNet LocalNet] – Instalando desde un servidor local, utilizando DHCP, TFTP y PXE
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/WithFloppies WithFloppies] – Instalando sin CD a través de una red

== Instalando en un disco duro externo o RAID ==

Para instalar Ubuntu en un disco duro externo o RAID array, ver las guías siguientes para más instrucciones. '''(falta traducir)'''

* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootFromFirewireHardDisk BootFromFirewireHardDisk] – Iniciando Linux desde un disco duro Firewire.
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootFromUSB BootFromUSB] – Iniciando un sistema Ubuntu en un disco duro USB en ordenadores que no pueden iniciar desde USB (utilizando un inicio de CD)
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LiveUsbPendrivePersistent LiveUsbPendrivePersistent] – Instalar Ubuntu o Kubuntu en un pendrive USB con persistent mode
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/LVMOnRaid LVMOnRaid] –Installing onto a Software RAID Array, with all partitions on RAID and LVM (including root and boot)
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FakeRaidHowto FakeRaidHowto] - Installing onto a BIOS RAID array

== Instalaciones mínimas ==
Si tienes un ordenador antiguo o con una cantidad de memoria pequeña, ver las guías siguientes para obtener ayuda en la instalación de Ubuntu.

* [[Sistemas con baja memoria]] – Instalar ubuntu en ordenadores antiguos con poca memoria
* [[Mejorar rendimiento en equipos de gama baja]] – Hacer el interfaz más rápido en máquinas con poca memoria
* [[Instalar CD mínimo]] – Desde un CD mínimo descargando paquetes durante la instalación

== Otras guías de instalación ==

Las siguientes guias cubren varios temas diferentes que conciernen a la instalación.

* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VirtualMachines Máquinas Virtuales] – Utilizar ubuntu con VMware y XEN
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot Windows Dual Boot] – Instalar Ubuntu en el mismo disco duro de una instalación existente de Windows
* [[Transferir ficheros y configuraciones|Transferir ficheros y configuraciones desde Windows]] – Instrucciones de como transferir datos desde aplicaciones comunes de Windows a sus equivalents en Ubuntu
* [[Introducción a Ubuntu para usuarios Windows]] – Guía de iniciación a Ubuntu para usuarios de Windows viendo las diferencias.
* [[Disco duro|Particionar]] – Dividir tu disco duro de manera seguro en partes más pequeñas
* [[32bit en AMD64]] - Instalar sin errores Ubuntu i386 en un sistema AMD64-bit.
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallCDCustomization Instalar CD Personalizado] – Personalizando el instalador Alternate o instalación de CD Server.
* [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Booting Ubuntu:Booting] - Explicación del proceso de inicio y problemas en dispositivos de inicio
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromKnoppix Desde Knoppix] – Instrucciones de instalación desde Knoppix, si el instalador de ubuntu no funciona..

Fuente: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation


[[Categoría:Instalación avanzada]] [[Categoría:Revisar]]

Instalación

2008-05-22T16:31:14Z

Carsses: ejemplos aclaratorios

Este apartado, por ser muy genérico, podría ser una especie de indice a aspectos Básicos que alguien duda acerca de la instalación (particionamiento, etc) aunque se repitan los apartados más adelante.

{{Herramientas
| Foro = 2
| herramienta1 = [[Gparted]]
| herramienta2 =
| herramienta3 =
| sitio1 = [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CommonQuestions#head-593abe9d75618b67713ee23761b5cccf99befcbb Common Questions] en [https://help.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu Documentation] {{en}}
| sitio2 = [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation Instalación] en [https://help.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu Documentation] {{en}}
| sitio3 =
| hardware compatible =
}}
=== Pasos previos a la instalación ===
:* [[Qué CD escojo|Descarga de CD]]

:* [[Grabar Iso|Grabación de ISO]]

:* [[disco_duro|Particionado y redimensión de disco duro]]

=== [[Instalación estándar]] ===

Proceso de instalación básica de Ubuntu (modo gráfico)
(PC's)

=== [[Instalación avanzada]] ===

Cómo instalar Ubuntu en equipos antiguos o con necesidades especiales.

(Otras Tecnologías ej.: Mac-Intel)


[[Categoría:Instalación]]
__NOTOC__
__NOEDITSECTION__

Discusión:Instalación

2008-05-22T16:28:04Z

Carsses: Removing all content from page

Discusión:Instalación

2008-05-22T16:24:09Z

Carsses: Instalacion , creación subpaginas para los no pc's

Esta página se debería de llamar instalación en Pc's

En Mac(macintel es la que conozco) no se instala así y dentro de mac por ejemplo estaría instalación en macintel(Mac con procesadores macintel) e instalación PPC

Propongo por tanto Página instalación y dentro, páginas con enlaces con las diferentes tecnologías que son especiales (ej.: los macintel no tienen bios)

Instalación de ubuntu en pc's

Instalación de ubuntu en mac

Instalación mac-intel
Instalación PPC

...

--[[Usuario:Carsses|carsses]] 18:24 22 may 2008 (CEST)

Usuario:Carsses

2008-04-20T10:17:40Z

Carsses: New page: Mi página en ubuntu :-)

Mi página en ubuntu :-)

Usuario discusión:Kelp

2008-04-18T21:59:41Z

Carsses: /* Agradecimiento */

==Hola==

He estado buscando una lista de administradores, pero no la he encontrado, así que me fuí al historia de edición de la portada, y allí encontré tu nombre.

Quería avisar de que el logo (doc.ubuntu-es) que hay en la parte superior izquierda me tapa parte del panel de usuario. Es decir, que la "parte invisible" del logo se superpone a los enlaces a mi página de usuario y discusión. Por lo tanto, cuando intento cliquear en mi nombre de usuario para ir a mi página de usuario, en realidad acabo yendo a la portada, que es el enlace al que lleva el logo.

En fin, que si hubiese manera de que la imagen no se superpusiera, pues genial. De todas formas, tengo alguna experiencia en [http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usuario:Gallaecio wikis], y me las puedo apañar, pero supongo que tarde o temprano le pasará a más gente.

Muchas gracias por adelantado, y felicidades por el proyecto que estais levantando. Promete. --[[Usuario:Gallaecio|Gallaecio]][[Usuario_Discusión:Gallaecio|¿Y luego?]] 01:16 25 nov 2007 (CET)

==Licencia de doc.ubuntu-es==

¿Por qué este wiki no usa licencia GNU GPL? Hay otras wikis de documentación que las usan (Wikifonts, Wikibooks...) y no han tenido problemas. Además, la única diferencia que veo con la de Creative Commons que se está utilizando es el reconocimiento del autor, lo cual no es necesario para una documentación de ayuda. --[[Usuario:Gallaecio|Gallaecio]][[Usuario_Discusión:Gallaecio|¿Y luego?]] 12:59 25 nov 2007 (CET)

== Gracias por tus correcciones y consejos ==

Pues eso, que gracias. Estoy en ello. Lo de hacer subpáginas no sabía que se podía hacer. Ahora no se como, pero lo averiguaré.
Saludos.--[[Usuario:Suso|Suso]] 20:44 11 dic 2007 (CET)

== ¿Me puedes ayudar? ==
Tengo un problema con la ordenación de las categorías:
*[http://doc.ubuntu-es.org/Categoría:Virtualización Categoría:Virtualización ]
*[http://doc.ubuntu-es.org/Categoría:Máquinas_virtuales Categoría:máquinas virtuales.]
He estado incluyéndolas en los artículos del [[P:V]], pero las de virtualización me aparece casi todas en la '''V''' y no en las letras que les corresponde. En la otra categoría, aparecen bien. ¿Tienes alguna idea?. Gracias. --[[Usuario:Suso|Suso]] 14:22 8 feb 2008 (CET)
::Entiendo lo que me dices. Lo que es peor, lo había leído pero no procesado. Esta tarde trataré de arreglarlo. Gracias. --[[Usuario:Suso|Suso]] 14:38 8 feb 2008 (CET)

== Buen Administrador ==

Kelp para mí ha sido uno de los mejores administradores de Ubuntu-es.

[[Usuario:Marcianisto|Marcianisto]] 04:04 2 mar 2008 (CET)

== Agradecimiento ==

No se si es un proceso automatizado, sea como sea, me ha gustado recibir la bievenida tener el mensaje en mi discusión, me parece una excelente aclaratoria y motivadora idea.

Un saludo.
--[[Usuario:Carsses|JCasares]] 23:59 18 abr 2008 (CEST)

Usuario discusión:Kelp

2008-04-18T21:57:45Z

Carsses: Agradecimiento

Servidores

2008-04-11T00:06:20Z

Carsses:

[[Imagen:Icon-server.png]


== Servidores web ==
; [[HTTPD Servidor web Apache2]] - instalación y configuración de un servidor web Apache2
; [[LAMP|Apache PHP MySQL]] - instalar y configurar un servidor [[w:LAMP|LAMP]]
; [[ Servidor web Cherokee]] - Instalar y configurar servidor web cherokee.

== Servidores de correo ==
; [[Postfix]] - instalar y configurar un sistema de correo completo y seguro basado en postfix [[w:Postfix|POSTFIX]]

== Control remoto y transferencia de archivos ==
; [[Servidor OpenSSH]] - Instalar y configurar un servidor [[w:SSH|SSH]] con [[w:OpenSSH|OpenSSH]]
; [[Servidor FTP]] - Instalar y configurar un servidor FTP
; [[Network File System]] (NFS) - Instalar y configurar un sistema para compartir directorios y archivos con otros sistemas a través de la red como si fueran archivos locales.
; [[CUPS servidor de impresión]] - Instalar y configurar un sistema para utilizar Ubuntu como servidor de impresión.

== DNS ==
; [[Servidor DNS]]

== Sistema de control de versiones ==
; [[Subversion]]
; [[Servidor CVS]]

== Bases de datos ==
;[[MySQL]] - Instalación y configuración de servidor de base de datos MySQL
;[[PostgreSQL]] - Instalación y configuración de servidor de base de datos PostgreSQL

== Enlaces útiles==
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Servers

https://help.ubuntu.com/6.10/ubuntu/serverguide/es/index.html

[[Categoría:Completar]][[Categoría:Servidores|*]]

Servidores

2008-04-11T00:04:50Z

Carsses: Cabecera de instalación de un servidor web, cherokee

[[Imagen:Icon-server.png]


== Servidores web ==
; [[HTTPD Servidor web Apache2]] - instalación y configuración de un servidor web Apache2
; [[LAMP|Apache PHP MySQL]] - instalar y configurar un servidor [[w:LAMP|LAMP]]
; [[HTTPD Servidor web Cherokee]] - Instalar y configurar servidor web cherokee.

== Servidores de correo ==
; [[Postfix]] - instalar y configurar un sistema de correo completo y seguro basado en postfix [[w:Postfix|POSTFIX]]

== Control remoto y transferencia de archivos ==
; [[Servidor OpenSSH]] - Instalar y configurar un servidor [[w:SSH|SSH]] con [[w:OpenSSH|OpenSSH]]
; [[Servidor FTP]] - Instalar y configurar un servidor FTP
; [[Network File System]] (NFS) - Instalar y configurar un sistema para compartir directorios y archivos con otros sistemas a través de la red como si fueran archivos locales.
; [[CUPS servidor de impresión]] - Instalar y configurar un sistema para utilizar Ubuntu como servidor de impresión.

== DNS ==
; [[Servidor DNS]]

== Sistema de control de versiones ==
; [[Subversion]]
; [[Servidor CVS]]

== Bases de datos ==
;[[MySQL]] - Instalación y configuración de servidor de base de datos MySQL
;[[PostgreSQL]] - Instalación y configuración de servidor de base de datos PostgreSQL

== Enlaces útiles==
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Servers

https://help.ubuntu.com/6.10/ubuntu/serverguide/es/index.html

[[Categoría:Completar]][[Categoría:Servidores|*]]

Pdftk

2008-04-02T22:17:48Z

Carsses: /* '''pdftk''' */

'''Introducción'''

Es una herramienta de software libre creada por Sid Steward para la manipulación de ficheros de tipo .PDF (No confundir con ficheros .PS),con esta herramienta se puede editar un fichero .pdf o unir varios ficheros .pdf en uno entre otras utilidades.

La web oficial es [http://www.pdftk.com]

Hay dos herramientas interesantes en este campo del pdf y ps una es ps2pdf y otra pdf2ps la primera para convertir ficheros .ps a .pdf y la segunda al contrario.

Pdftk

2008-04-02T22:17:05Z

Carsses: New page: == '''pdftk''' == '''Introducción''' Es una herramienta de software libre creada por Sid Steward para la manipulación de ficheros de tipo .PDF (No confundir con ficheros .PS),con es...

== '''pdftk''' ==

'''Introducción'''

Es una herramienta de software libre creada por Sid Steward para la manipulación de ficheros de tipo .PDF (No confundir con ficheros .PS),con esta herramienta se puede editar un fichero .pdf o unir varios ficheros .pdf en uno entre otras utilidades.

La web oficial es [http://www.pdftk.com]

Hay dos herramientas interesantes en este campo del pdf y ps una es ps2pdf y otra pdf2ps la primera para convertir ficheros .ps a .pdf y la segunda al contrario.